KYB CHINA(2012年8月29日国务院第215次常务会议通过 2012年9月9日中华人民共和国国务院令第624号公布 自2012年10月1日起施行)
(Adopted at the 215th Executive Meeting of the State Council on August 29, 2012, promulgated by Decree No. 624 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on September 9, 2012, and effective as of October 1, 2012)
总则
General Provisions
为了保证教育法律、法规、规章和国家教育方针、政策的贯彻执行，实施素质教育，提高教育质量，促进教育公平，推动教育事业科学发展，制定本条例。
These Regulations are formulated to ensure the implementation of education laws, regulations, rules, and national education policies, to implement quality education, to improve education quality, to promote education equity, and to advance the scientific development of education.
对法律、法规规定范围的各级各类教育实施教育督导，适用本条例。
Education supervision shall be implemented for all types of education at all levels within the scope prescribed by laws and regulations, and these Regulations shall apply.
教育督导包括以下内容：
Education supervision includes the following:
(一)县级以上人民政府对下级人民政府落实教育法律、法规、规章和国家教育方针、政策的督导；
(1) Supervision by people's governments at or above the county level over the implementation of education laws, regulations, rules, and national education policies by people's governments at lower levels;
(二)县级以上地方人民政府对本行政区域内的学校和其他教育机构(以下统称学校)教育教学工作的督导。
(2) Supervision by local people's governments at or above the county level over the education and teaching work of schools and other educational institutions (hereinafter collectively referred to as schools) within their administrative regions.
实施教育督导应当坚持以下原则：
The implementation of education supervision shall adhere to the following principles:
(一)以提高教育教学质量为中心；
(1) Centering on improving education and teaching quality;
(二)遵循教育规律；
(2) Following the laws of education;
(三)遵守教育法律、法规、规章和国家教育方针、政策的规定；
(3) Complying with the provisions of education laws, regulations, rules, and national education policies;
(四)对政府履行教育工作相关职责的督导与对学校教育教学工作的督导并重，监督与指导并重；
(4) Giving equal emphasis to supervision over the performance of education-related duties by governments and supervision over the education and teaching work of schools, and giving equal emphasis to supervision and guidance;
(五)实事求是、客观公正。
(5) Being fact-based and objective.
国务院教育督导机构承担全国的教育督导实施工作，制定教育督导的基本准则，指导地方教育督导工作。
The education supervision institution of the State Council shall undertake the implementation of national education supervision, formulate basic standards for education supervision, and guide local education supervision work.
县级以上地方人民政府负责教育督导的机构承担本行政区域的教育督导实施工作。
The institutions responsible for education supervision of local people's governments at or above the county level shall undertake the implementation of education supervision within their administrative regions.
国务院教育督导机构和县级以上地方人民政府负责教育督导的机构(以下统称教育督导机构)在本级人民政府领导下独立行使督导职能。
The education supervision institution of the State Council and the institutions responsible for education supervision of local people's governments at or above the county level (hereinafter collectively referred to as education supervision institutions) shall independently exercise their supervision functions under the leadership of the people's government at the same level.
县级以上人民政府应当将教育督导经费列入财政预算。
People's governments at or above the county level shall include education supervision funds in their fiscal budgets.
督学
Supervisors
国家实行督学制度。
The state implements a supervisor system.
县级以上人民政府根据教育督导工作需要，为教育督导机构配备专职督学。教育督导机构可以根据教育督导工作需要聘任兼职督学。
People's governments at or above the county level shall, based on the needs of education supervision work, assign full-time supervisors to education supervision institutions. Education supervision institutions may appoint part-time supervisors based on the needs of education supervision work.
兼职督学的任期为3年，可以连续任职，连续任职不得超过3个任期。
The term of office for part-time supervisors is three years, and they may serve consecutive terms, but consecutive service shall not exceed three terms.
督学应当符合下列条件：
Supervisors shall meet the following conditions:
(一)坚持党的基本路线，热爱社会主义教育事业；
(1) Adhering to the basic line of the Party and loving the socialist education cause;
(二)熟悉教育法律、法规、规章和国家教育方针、政策，具有相应的专业知识和业务能力；
(2) Being familiar with education laws, regulations, rules, and national education policies, and possessing corresponding professional knowledge and business capabilities;
(三)坚持原则，办事公道，品行端正，廉洁自律；
(3) Adhering to principles, being fair in handling affairs, having upright conduct, and being honest and self-disciplined;
(四)具有大学本科以上学历，从事教育管理、教学或者教育研究工作10年以上，工作实绩突出；
(4) Have a bachelor's degree or above, engage in education management, teaching, or education research for more than 10 years, and have outstanding work performance;
(五)具有较强的组织协调能力和表达能力；
(5) Have strong organizational coordination and expression skills;
(六)身体健康，能胜任教育督导工作。
(6) Be in good health and able to perform education supervision work.
符合前款规定条件的人员经教育督导机构考核合格，可以由县级以上人民政府任命为督学，或者由教育督导机构聘任为督学。
Persons meeting the conditions specified in the preceding paragraph, after passing the assessment by the education supervision agency, may be appointed as supervisors by the people's government at or above the county level, or employed as supervisors by the education supervision agency.
督学受教育督导机构的指派实施教育督导。
Supervisors shall implement education supervision as assigned by the education supervision agency.
教育督导机构应当加强对督学实施教育督导活动的管理，对其履行督学职责的情况进行考核。
The education supervision agency shall strengthen the management of supervisors' implementation of education supervision activities and assess their performance of supervisor duties.
督学实施教育督导，应当客观公正地反映实际情况，不得隐瞒或者虚构事实。
When implementing education supervision, supervisors shall objectively and fairly reflect the actual situation and shall not conceal or fabricate facts.
实施督导的督学是被督导单位主要负责人的近亲属或者有其他可能影响客观公正实施教育督导情形的，应当回避。
If a supervisor implementing supervision is a close relative of the principal responsible person of the supervised unit or has other circumstances that may affect objective and fair implementation of education supervision, the supervisor shall recuse themselves.
督导的实施
Implementation of Supervision
教育督导机构对下列事项实施教育督导：
Education supervision agencies implement education supervision on the following matters:
(一)学校实施素质教育的情况，教育教学水平、教育教学管理等教育教学工作情况；
(1) The implementation of quality education by schools, teaching quality, teaching management, and other teaching work;
(二)校长队伍建设情况，教师资格、职务、聘任等管理制度建设和执行情况，招生、学籍等管理情况和教育质量，学校的安全、卫生制度建设和执行情况，校舍的安全情况，教学和生活设施、设备的配备和使用等教育条件的保障情况，教育投入的管理和使用情况；
(2) The construction of the principal team, the construction and implementation of management systems such as teacher qualifications, positions, and appointments, enrollment and student status management and education quality, the construction and implementation of school safety and health systems, the safety of school buildings, the provision and use of teaching and living facilities and equipment, and the management and use of education investment;
(三)义务教育普及水平和均衡发展情况，各级各类教育的规划布局、协调发展等情况；
(3) The level of compulsory education popularization and balanced development, the planning layout and coordinated development of education at all levels and types;
(四)法律、法规、规章和国家教育政策规定的其他事项。
(4) Other matters stipulated by laws, regulations, rules, and national education policies.
教育督导机构实施教育督导，可以行使下列职权：
When implementing education supervision, education supervision agencies may exercise the following powers:
(一)查阅、复制财务账目和与督导事项有关的其他文件、资料；
(1) Inspect and copy financial accounts and other documents and materials related to the supervision matters;
(二)要求被督导单位就督导事项有关问题作出说明；
(2) Require the supervised unit to provide explanations on issues related to the supervision matters;
(三)就督导事项有关问题开展调查；
(3) Conduct investigations on issues related to the supervision matters;
(四)向有关人民政府或者主管部门提出对被督导单位或者其相关负责人给予奖惩的建议。
(4) Propose to the relevant people's government or competent department to give rewards or punishments to the supervised unit or its relevant responsible persons.
被督导单位及其工作人员对教育督导机构依法实施的教育督导应当积极配合，不得拒绝和阻挠。
The supervised unit and its staff shall actively cooperate with the education supervision agency in legally implementing education supervision and shall not refuse or obstruct.
县级人民政府负责教育督导的机构应当根据本行政区域内的学校布局设立教育督导责任区，指派督学对责任区内学校的教育教学工作实施经常性督导。
The education supervision agency responsible for the county people's government shall establish education supervision responsibility areas based on the school layout within its administrative region and assign supervisors to implement regular supervision over the teaching work of schools within the responsibility areas.
教育督导机构根据教育发展需要或者本级人民政府的要求，可以就本条例第十一条规定的一项或者几项事项对被督导单位实施专项督导，也可以就本条例第十一条规定的所有事项对被督导单位实施综合督导。
According to the needs of education development or the requirements of the people's government at the same level, the education supervision agency may implement special supervision on one or several matters specified in Article 11 of these Regulations for the supervised unit, or implement comprehensive supervision on all matters specified in Article 11 of these Regulations for the supervised unit.
督学对责任区内学校实施经常性督导每学期不得少于2次。
Supervisors shall conduct regular supervision on schools within their responsibility areas no less than twice per semester.
县级以上人民政府对下一级人民政府应当每5年至少实施一次专项督导或者综合督导；县级人民政府负责教育督导的机构对本行政区域内的学校，应当每3至5年实施一次综合督导。
The people's government at or above the county level shall implement at least one special supervision or comprehensive supervision every five years for the people's government at the next lower level; the education supervision agency responsible for the county people's government shall implement comprehensive supervision every three to five years for schools within its administrative region.
经常性督导结束，督学应当向教育督导机构提交报告；发现违法违规办学行为或者危及师生生命安全的隐患，应当及时督促学校和相关部门处理。
After the regular supervision ends, the supervisor shall submit a report to the education supervision agency; if illegal school-running behaviors or hidden dangers endangering the safety of teachers and students are found, the supervisor shall promptly urge the school and relevant departments to handle them.
教育督导机构实施专项督导或者综合督导，应当事先确定督导事项，成立督导小组。督导小组由3名以上督学组成。
When implementing special supervision or comprehensive supervision, the educational supervision agency shall determine the supervision matters in advance and establish a supervision team. The supervision team shall consist of at least three supervisors.
教育督导机构可以根据需要联合有关部门实施专项督导或者综合督导，也可以聘请相关专业人员参加专项督导或者综合督导活动。
The educational supervision agency may, as needed, jointly with relevant departments implement special supervision or comprehensive supervision, or may hire relevant professionals to participate in special supervision or comprehensive supervision activities.
教育督导机构实施专项督导或者综合督导，应当事先向被督导单位发出书面督导通知。
When implementing special supervision or comprehensive supervision, the educational supervision agency shall issue a written supervision notice to the supervised unit in advance.
教育督导机构可以要求被督导单位组织自评。被督导单位应当按照要求进行自评，并将自评报告报送教育督导机构。督导小组应当审核被督导单位的自评报告。
The educational supervision agency may require the supervised unit to organize a self-evaluation. The supervised unit shall conduct a self-evaluation as required and submit the self-evaluation report to the educational supervision agency. The supervision team shall review the self-evaluation report of the supervised unit.
督导小组应当对被督导单位进行现场考察。
The supervision team shall conduct an on-site inspection of the supervised unit.
教育督导机构实施专项督导或者综合督导，应当征求公众对被督导单位的意见，并采取召开座谈会或者其他形式专门听取学生及其家长和教师的意见。
When implementing special supervision or comprehensive supervision, the educational supervision agency shall solicit public opinions on the supervised unit and shall, by holding forums or other forms, specifically listen to the opinions of students, their parents, and teachers.
督导小组应当对被督导单位的自评报告、现场考察情况和公众的意见进行评议，形成初步督导意见。
The supervision team shall evaluate the self-evaluation report, on-site inspection findings, and public opinions of the supervised unit to form a preliminary supervision opinion.
督导小组应当向被督导单位反馈初步督导意见；被督导单位可以进行申辩。
The supervision team shall provide feedback on the preliminary supervision opinion to the supervised unit; the supervised unit may present a defense.
教育督导机构应当根据督导小组的初步督导意见，综合分析被督导单位的申辩意见，向被督导单位发出督导意见书。
The educational supervision agency shall, based on the preliminary supervision opinion of the supervision team and after comprehensive analysis of the defense opinion of the supervised unit, issue a supervision opinion letter to the supervised unit.
督导意见书应当就督导事项对被督导单位作出客观公正的评价；对存在的问题，应当提出限期整改要求和建议。
The supervision opinion letter shall make an objective and fair evaluation of the supervised unit regarding the supervision matters; for existing problems, it shall propose rectification requirements and suggestions within a time limit.
被督导单位应当根据督导意见书进行整改，并将整改情况报告教育督导机构。
The supervised unit shall make rectifications according to the supervision opinion letter and report the rectification status to the educational supervision agency.
教育督导机构应当对被督导单位的整改情况进行核查。
The educational supervision agency shall verify the rectification status of the supervised unit.
专项督导或者综合督导结束，教育督导机构应当向本级人民政府提交督导报告；县级以上地方人民政府负责教育督导的机构还应当将督导报告报上一级人民政府教育督导机构备案。
Upon completion of special supervision or comprehensive supervision, the educational supervision agency shall submit a supervision report to the people's government at the same level; the agency responsible for educational supervision at or above the county level shall also file the supervision report with the educational supervision agency of the people's government at the next higher level for record.
督导报告应当向社会公布。
The supervision report shall be made public.
县级以上人民政府或者有关主管部门应当将督导报告作为对被督导单位及其主要负责人进行考核、奖惩的重要依据。
The people's government at or above the county level or the relevant competent department shall take the supervision report as an important basis for assessing and rewarding or punishing the supervised unit and its principal responsible persons.
法律责任
Legal Liability
被督导单位及其工作人员有下列情形之一的，由教育督导机构通报批评并责令其改正；拒不改正或者情节严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他责任人员，由教育督导机构向有关人民政府或者主管部门提出给予处分的建议：
If a supervised unit or its staff commits any of the following acts, the educational supervision agency shall circulate a notice of criticism and order correction; if correction is refused or the circumstances are serious, the educational supervision agency shall propose to the relevant people's government or competent department to impose sanctions on the directly responsible supervisors and other responsible persons:
(一)拒绝、阻挠教育督导机构或者督学依法实施教育督导的；
(1) Refusing or obstructing the educational supervision agency or supervisors from lawfully carrying out educational supervision;
(二)隐瞒实情、弄虚作假，欺骗教育督导机构或者督学的；
(2) Concealing facts, practicing fraud, or deceiving the educational supervision agency or supervisors;
(三)未根据督导意见书进行整改并将整改情况报告教育督导机构的；
(3) Failing to make rectifications according to the supervision opinion letter and report the rectification status to the educational supervision agency;
(四)打击报复督学的；
(4) Retaliating against supervisors;
(五)有其他严重妨碍教育督导机构或者督学依法履行职责情形的。
(5) Other serious circumstances that hinder the educational supervision agency or supervisors from lawfully performing their duties.
督学或者教育督导机构工作人员有下列情形之一的，由教育督导机构给予批评教育；情节严重的，依法给予处分，对督学还应当取消任命或者聘任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
If a supervisor or staff member of an educational supervision agency commits any of the following acts, the educational supervision agency shall give criticism and education; if the circumstances are serious, sanctions shall be imposed according to law, and for supervisors, their appointment or employment shall also be revoked; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law:
(一)玩忽职守，贻误督导工作的；
(1) Dereliction of duty, causing delay in supervision work;
(二)弄虚作假，徇私舞弊，影响督导结果公正的；
(2) Practicing fraud, engaging in malpractice for personal gain, affecting the fairness of supervision results;
(三)滥用职权，干扰被督导单位正常工作的。
(3) Abuse of power, interfering with the normal work of the supervised unit.
督学违反本条例第十条规定，应当回避而未回避的，由教育督导机构给予批评教育。
If a supervisor violates Article 10 of these Regulations and fails to recuse themselves when required, the educational supervision institution shall give them criticism and education.
督学违反本条例第十五条规定，发现违法违规办学行为或者危及师生生命安全隐患而未及时督促学校和相关部门处理的，由教育督导机构给予批评教育；情节严重的，依法给予处分，取消任命或者聘任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
If a supervisor violates Article 15 of these Regulations and fails to promptly urge the school and relevant departments to handle illegal or irregular school-running behaviors or safety hazards that endanger the lives and health of teachers and students, the educational supervision institution shall give them criticism and education; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a sanction according to law, and their appointment or employment shall be revoked; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.
附则
Supplementary Provisions
本条例自2012年10月1日起施行。
These Regulations shall come into force on October 1, 2012.