Provisional Regulations on the Establishment of Regular Institutions of Higher Education

(1986年12月15日国务院发布)

(Promulgated by the State Council on December 15, 1986)

为了加强高等教育的宏观管理，保证普通高等学校的教育质量，促进高等教育事业有计划、按比例地协调发展，制定本条例。

These regulations are formulated to strengthen macro-management of higher education, ensure the quality of education in regular institutions of higher education, and promote the planned and proportionate coordinated development of higher education.

本条例所称的普通高等学校，是指以通过国家规定的专门入学考试的高级中学毕业学生为主要培养对象的全日制大学、独立设置的学院和高等专科学校、高等职业学校。

The term "regular institutions of higher education" as used in these regulations refers to full-time universities, independently established colleges, higher specialized schools, and higher vocational schools that primarily enroll senior high school graduates who have passed the national specialized entrance examination.

普通高等学校的设置，由国家教育委员会审批。

The establishment of regular institutions of higher education shall be approved by the State Education Commission.

国家教育委员会应当根据经济建设和社会发展的需要、人才需求的科学预测和办学条件的实际可能，编制全国普通高等教育事业发展规划，调整普通高等教育的结构，妥善地处理发展普通高等教育同发展成人高等教育、中等专业教育和基础教育的关系，合理地确定科类和层次。

The State Education Commission shall, based on the needs of economic construction and social development, scientific forecasts of talent demand, and actual feasibility of school conditions, formulate a national development plan for regular higher education, adjust the structure of regular higher education, properly handle the relationship between the development of regular higher education and the development of adult higher education, secondary specialized education, and basic education, and rationally determine disciplines and levels.

国家教育委员会应当根据学校的人才培养目标、招生及分配面向地区以及现有普通高等学校的分布状况等，统筹规划普通高等学校的布局，并注意在高等教育事业需要加强的省、自治区有计划地设置普通高等学校。

The State Education Commission shall, based on the school's talent training objectives, enrollment and assignment regions, and the distribution of existing regular institutions of higher education, make overall plans for the layout of regular institutions of higher education, and pay attention to establishing regular institutions of higher education in provinces and autonomous regions where higher education needs to be strengthened.

凡通过现有普通高等学校的扩大招生、增设专业、接受委托培养、联合办学及发展成人高等教育等途径，能够基本满足人才需求的，不另行增设普通高等学校。

If the demand for talent can be basically met through expanding enrollment of existing regular institutions of higher education, adding new specialties, accepting commissioned training, joint school-running, and developing adult higher education, no additional regular institutions of higher education shall be established.

设置普通高等学校，应当配备具有较高政治素质和管理高等教育工作的能力、达到大学本科毕业文化水平的专职校(院)长和副校(院)长。同时，还应当配备专职思想政治工作和系科、专业的负责人。

When establishing a regular institution of higher education, full-time president (or dean) and vice-president (or vice-dean) with high political quality, ability to manage higher education work, and a cultural level equivalent to university undergraduate graduation shall be appointed. At the same time, full-time ideological and political work personnel and heads of departments and specialties shall also be appointed.

设置普通高等学校，须按下列规定配备与学校的专业设置、学生人数相适应的合格教师。

When establishing a regular institution of higher education, qualified teachers appropriate to the school's specialty offerings and student numbers shall be provided in accordance with the following provisions.

(一) 大学及学院在建校招生时，各门公共必修课程和专业基础必修课程，至少应当分别配备具有讲师职务以上的专任教师二人；各门专业必修课程，至少应当分别配备具有讲师职务以上的专任教师一人。具有副教授职务以上的专任教师人数，应当不低于本校(院)专任教师总数的10%。

(1) For universities and colleges at the time of establishment and enrollment, each compulsory public basic course and compulsory professional basic course shall be staffed with at least two full-time teachers holding the title of lecturer or above; each compulsory professional course shall be staffed with at least one full-time teacher holding the title of lecturer or above. The number of full-time teachers holding the title of associate professor or above shall not be less than 10% of the total full-time teachers of the institution.

(二)高等专科学校及高等职业学校在建校招生时，各门公共必修课程和专业基础必修课程，至少应当分别配备具有讲师职务以上的专任教师二人；各门主要专业课程至少应当分别配备具有讲师职务以上的专任教师一人。具有副教授职务以上的专任教师人数，应当不低于本校专任教师总数的5%。

(2) For higher specialized schools and higher vocational schools at the time of establishment and enrollment, each compulsory public basic course and compulsory professional basic course shall be staffed with at least two full-time teachers holding the title of lecturer or above; each major professional course shall be staffed with at least one full-time teacher holding the title of lecturer or above. The number of full-time teachers holding the title of associate professor or above shall not be less than 5% of the total full-time teachers of the institution.

(三) 大学及学院的兼任教师人数，应当不超过本校(院)专任教师人数的四分之一；高等专科学校的兼任教师人数，应当不超过本校专任教师的三分之一；高等职业学校的兼任教师人数，应当不超过本校专任教师的二分之一。

(3) The number of part-time teachers in universities and colleges shall not exceed one-fourth of the number of full-time teachers; in higher specialized schools, it shall not exceed one-third; in higher vocational schools, it shall not exceed one-half.

少数地区或特殊科类的普通高等学校建校招生，具有副教授职务以上的专任教师达不到(一)、(二)项要求的，需经国家教育委员会批准。

For regular institutions of higher education in a few regions or of special disciplines, if the number of full-time teachers holding the title of associate professor or above cannot meet the requirements of (1) and (2) at the time of establishment and enrollment, approval from the State Education Commission is required.

设置普通高等学校，须有与学校的学科门类和规模相适应的土地和校舍，保证教学、生活、体育锻炼及学校长远发展的需要。普通高等学校的占地面积及校舍建筑面积，参照国家规定的一般高等学校校舍规划面积的定额核算。

When establishing a regular institution of higher education, land and school buildings appropriate to the institution's discipline categories and scale shall be provided to meet the needs of teaching, living, physical exercise, and long-term development. The land area and building area of regular institutions of higher education shall be calculated with reference to the national standard quota for school building planning area of general institutions of higher education.

普通高等学校的校舍可分期建设，但其可供使用的校舍面积，应当保证各年度招生的需要。

The school buildings of regular institutions of higher education may be constructed in phases, but the usable building area shall ensure the needs of enrollment in each year.

普通高等学校在建校招生时，大学及学院的适用图书，文科、政法、财经院校应当不少于八万册；理、工、农、医院校应当不少于六万册。高等专科学校及高等职业学校的适用图书，文科、政法、财经学校应当不少于五万册；理、工、农、医学校应当不少于四万册。并应当按照专业性质、学生人数分别配置必需的仪器、设备、标本、模型。

At the time of establishment and enrollment of a regular institution of higher education, the applicable books for universities and colleges shall be no less than 80,000 volumes for institutions of liberal arts, political science and law, finance and economics; and no less than 60,000 volumes for institutions of science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine. For higher specialized schools and higher vocational schools, the applicable books shall be no less than 50,000 volumes for institutions of liberal arts, political science and law, finance and economics; and no less than 40,000 volumes for institutions of science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine. In addition, necessary instruments, equipment, specimens, and models shall be allocated according to the nature of specialties and the number of students.

理、工、农院校应当有必需的教学实习工厂或农(林)场和固定的生产实习基地；师范院校应当有附属的实验学校或固定的实习学校；医学院校至少应当有一所附属医院和适应需要的教学医院。

Institutions of science, engineering, and agriculture shall have necessary teaching internship factories or agricultural (forestry) farms and fixed production internship bases; normal schools shall have affiliated experimental schools or fixed internship schools; medical schools shall have at least one affiliated hospital and teaching hospitals as needed.

设置普通高等学校所需的基本建设投资和教育事业费，须有稳定的来源和切实的保证。

The capital construction investment and educational operating expenses required for establishing a regular institution of higher education shall have stable sources and reliable guarantees.

设置普通高等学校，应当根据学校的人才培养目标、学科门类、规模、领导体制、所在地等，确定名实相符的学校名称。

When establishing a regular institution of higher education, the school name shall be determined to be consistent with its substance based on the institution's talent training objectives, discipline categories, scale, leadership system, location, etc.

称为大学的，须符合下列规定：

To be called a university, the following requirements must be met:

(一)主要培养本科及本科以上专门人才；

(1) Mainly cultivate specialized talents at the undergraduate level and above;

(二)在文科(含文学、历史、哲学、艺术)、政法、财经、教育(含体育)、理科、工科、农林、医药等八个学科门类中，以三个以上不同学科为主要学科；

(2) Among the eight discipline categories of liberal arts (including literature, history, philosophy, art), political science and law, finance and economics, education (including physical education), science, engineering, agriculture and forestry, and medicine, at least three different disciplines shall be taken as main disciplines;

(三)具有较强的教学、科学研究力量和较高的教学、科学研究水平；

(3) Possess relatively strong teaching and scientific research capabilities and a relatively high level of teaching and scientific research;

(四)全日制在校学生计划规模在五千人以上。但边远地区或有特殊需要，经国家教育委员会批准，可以不受此限。

(4) The planned full-time student enrollment shall be 5,000 or more. However, for remote areas or special needs, with the approval of the State Education Commission, this limit may be exempted.

称为学院的，须符合下列规定：

An institution called a 'college' must meet the following requirements:

(一)主要培养本科及本科以上专门人才；

(1) Mainly cultivate specialized talents at the undergraduate level and above;

(二)以本条例第十二条第(二)项所列学科门类中的一个学科为主要学科；

(2) Take one of the disciplines listed in Article 12(2) as its main discipline;

(三)全日制在校学生计划规模在三千人以上。但艺术、体育及其他特殊科类或有特殊需要的学院，经国家教育委员会批准，可以不受此限。

(3) The planned full-time student enrollment shall be 3,000 or more. However, for colleges of art, sports, other special categories, or with special needs, with the approval of the State Education Commission, this limit may be exempted.

称为高等专科学校的，须符合下列规定：

An institution called a 'higher specialized school' must meet the following requirements:

(一)主要培养高等专科层次的专门人才；

(1) Mainly cultivate specialized talents at the higher specialized level;

(二)以本条例第十二条第(二)项所列学科门类中的一个学科为主要学科；

(2) Take one of the disciplines listed in Article 12(2) as its main discipline;

(三)全日制在校学生计划规模在一千人以上。但边远地区或有特殊需要的学校，经国家教育委员会批准，可以不受此限。

(3) The planned full-time student enrollment shall be 1,000 or more. However, for remote areas or schools with special needs, with the approval of the State Education Commission, this limit may be exempted.

称为高等职业学校的，须符合下列规定：

An institution called a 'higher vocational school' must meet the following requirements:

(一)主要培养高等专科层次的专门人才；

(1) Mainly cultivate specialized talents at the higher specialized level;

(二)以职业技术教育为主；

(2) Focus on vocational and technical education;

(三)全日制在校学生计划规模在一千人以上。但边远地区或有特殊需要的学校，经国家教育委员会批准，可以不受此限。

(3) The planned full-time student enrollment shall be 1,000 or more. However, for remote areas or schools with special needs, with the approval of the State Education Commission, this limit may be exempted.

国家教育委员会每年第三季度办理设置普通高等学校的审批手续。设置普通高等学校的主管部门，应当在每年第三季度以前提出申请，逾期则延至下一年度审批时间办理。

The State Education Commission handles the approval procedures for establishing regular institutions of higher education in the third quarter of each year. The competent department intending to establish a regular institution of higher education shall submit an application before the third quarter of each year; otherwise, the application will be deferred to the next year's approval period.

设置普通高等学校的审批程序，一般分为审批筹建和审批正式建校招生两个阶段。完全具备建校招生条件的，也可以直接申请正式建校招生。

The approval procedure for establishing a regular institution of higher education generally consists of two stages: approval of preparation and approval of formal establishment for enrollment. If the institution fully meets the conditions for establishment and enrollment, it may directly apply for formal establishment and enrollment.

设置普通高等学校，应当由学校的主管部门邀请教育、计划、人才需求预测、劳动人事、财政、基本建设等有关部门和专家共同进行论证，并提出论证报告。

To establish a regular institution of higher education, the competent department of the institution shall invite relevant departments and experts from education, planning, talent demand forecasting, labor and personnel, finance, capital construction, etc., to conduct a feasibility study and produce a feasibility study report.

论证报告应当包括下列内容：

The feasibility study report shall include the following:

(一)拟建学校的名称、校址、学科门类、专业设置、人才培养目标、规模、领导体制、招生及分配面向地区；

(1) The proposed name, location, disciplines, specialty offerings, talent cultivation objectives, scale, leadership system, and target regions for enrollment and job assignment;

(二)人才需求预测、办学效益、高等教育的布局；

(2) Talent demand forecast, educational efficiency, and the layout of higher education;

(三)拟建学校的师资来源、经费来源、基建计划。

(3) Sources of faculty, funding, and capital construction plans for the proposed institution.

凡经过论证，确需设置普通高等学校的，按学校隶属关系，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或国务院有关部门向国家教育委员会提出筹建普通高等学校申请书，并附交论证报告。

If, after feasibility study, it is determined that a regular institution of higher education is necessary, the provincial, autonomous region, or municipal people's government or the relevant department of the State Council shall submit an application for preparation of the institution to the State Education Commission, along with the feasibility study report, according to the affiliation of the institution.

国务院有关部门申请筹建普通高等学校，还应当附交学校所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的意见书。

When a department of the State Council applies for preparation of a regular institution of higher education, it shall also attach the opinion of the provincial, autonomous region, or municipal people's government where the institution is located.

普通高等学校的筹建期限，从批准之日起，应当不少于一年，但最长不得超过五年。

The preparation period for a regular institution of higher education shall be no less than one year from the date of approval, but shall not exceed five years.

经批准筹建的普通高等学校，凡符合本条例第二章规定的，按学校隶属关系，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或国务院有关部门向国家教育委员会提出正式建校招生申请书，并附交筹建情况报告。

For a regular institution of higher education that has been approved for preparation, if it meets the requirements stipulated in Chapter II of these Regulations, the provincial, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, or the relevant department of the State Council, shall, according to the affiliation of the institution, submit an application for formal establishment and enrollment to the State Education Commission, along with a report on the preparation status.

国家教育委员会在接到筹建普通高等学校申请书，或正式建校招生申请书后，应当进行审查，并做出是否准予筹建或正式建校招生的决定。

Upon receiving an application for the preparation of a regular institution of higher education or an application for formal establishment and enrollment, the State Education Commission shall conduct a review and make a decision on whether to approve the preparation or formal establishment and enrollment.

为保证新建普通高等学校的办学质量，由国家教育委员会或它委托的机构，对新建普通高等学校第一届毕业生进行考核验收。

To ensure the quality of education of newly established regular institutions of higher education, the State Education Commission or an agency entrusted by it shall conduct an assessment and acceptance check of the first batch of graduates from the newly established regular institution of higher education.

经批准建立的普通高等学校，从批准正式建校招生之日起十年内，应当达到审定的计划规模及正常的教师配备标准和办学条件。国家教育委员会或它委托的机构负责对此进行审核验收。

A regular institution of higher education that has been approved for establishment shall, within ten years from the date of approval for formal establishment and enrollment, achieve the approved planned scale, normal teacher allocation standards, and school-running conditions. The State Education Commission or an agency entrusted by it shall be responsible for conducting an audit and acceptance check of this.

凡违反本规定有下列情形之一的，由国家教育委员会区别情况，责令其调整、整顿、停止招生或停办：

Anyone who violates these Regulations under any of the following circumstances shall, depending on the severity of the case, be ordered by the State Education Commission to make adjustments, undergo rectification, suspend enrollment, or be closed down:

(一)虚报条件，筹建或建立普通高等学校的；

(1) Falsifying conditions to prepare or establish a regular institution of higher education;

(二)擅自筹建或建校招生的；

(2) Unauthorized preparation or establishment and enrollment;

(三)超过筹建期限，未具备招生条件的；

(3) Exceeding the preparation period without meeting the enrollment conditions;

(四)第一届毕业生经考核验收达不到规定要求的；

(4) The first batch of graduates fails to meet the required standards after assessment and acceptance check;

(五)在规定期限内，达不到审定的计划规模及正常的教师配备标准和办学条件的。

(5) Within the specified period, failing to achieve the approved planned scale, normal teacher allocation standards, and school-running conditions.

对本条例施行前设置或变更学校名称的普通高等学校，应当参照本条例，进行整顿。整顿办法，由国家教育委员会另行制定。

For regular institutions of higher education that were established or had their names changed before the implementation of these Regulations, they shall undergo rectification with reference to these Regulations. The rectification measures shall be separately formulated by the State Education Commission.

本条例由国家教育委员会负责解释。

The interpretation of these Regulations shall be the responsibility of the State Education Commission.

本条例自发布之日起施行。

These Regulations shall come into force on the date of promulgation.