State Council Order on the Unified Implementation of Legal Units of Measurement in China

国务院关于在我国统一

State Council Order on the Unified Implementation of Legal Units of Measurement in China

实行法定计量单位的命令

Order on the Implementation of Legal Units of Measurement

(1984年2月27日　国发〔1984〕28号)

(February 27, 1984, Guo Fa [1984] No. 28)

一九五九年国务院发布《关于统一计量制度的命令》，确定米制为我国的基本计量制度以来，全国推广米制、改革市制、限制英制和废除旧杂制的工作，取得了显著成绩。为贯彻对外实行开放政策、对内搞活经济的方针，适应我国国民经济、文化教育事业的发展，以及推进科学技术进步和扩大国际经济、文化交流的需要，国务院决定在采用先进的国际单位制的基础上，进一步统一我国的计量单位。经一九八四年一月二十日国务院第二十一次常务会议讨论，通过了国家计量局 《关于在我国统一实行法定计量单位的请示报告》、《全面推行我国法定计量单位的意见》和《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》。现发布命令如下：

Since the State Council issued the 'Order on Unifying the Measurement System' in 1959, establishing the metric system as the basic measurement system of our country, significant achievements have been made in promoting the metric system, reforming the municipal system, restricting the imperial system, and abolishing the old miscellaneous system. To implement the policy of opening to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy, to meet the needs of the development of our national economy, culture, and education, and to promote scientific and technological progress and expand international economic and cultural exchanges, the State Council has decided to further unify our measurement units on the basis of adopting the advanced International System of Units. After discussion at the 21st Executive Meeting of the State Council on January 20, 1984, the 'Request for Instructions on the Unified Implementation of Legal Units of Measurement in China,' 'Opinions on the Comprehensive Implementation of Legal Units of Measurement in China,' and 'Legal Units of Measurement of the People's Republic of China' submitted by the National Bureau of Metrology were approved. The order is hereby issued as follows:

一、我国的计量单位一律采用《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》(附后)。

1. The measurement units of our country shall uniformly adopt the 'Legal Units of Measurement of the People's Republic of China' (attached).

二、我国目前在人民生活中采用的市制计量单位，可以延续使用到一九九〇年，一九九〇年底以前要完成向国家法定计量单位的过渡。农田土地面积计量单位的改革，要在调查研究的基础上制订改革方案，另行公布。

2. The municipal measurement units currently used in the daily life of our people may continue to be used until 1990, and the transition to the national legal units of measurement shall be completed by the end of 1990. The reform of measurement units for farmland area shall be based on investigation and research to formulate a reform plan, which will be announced separately.

三、计量单位的改革是一项涉及到各行各业和广大人民群众的事，各地区、各部门务必充分重视，制定积极稳妥的实施计划，保证顺利完成。

3. The reform of measurement units is a matter involving all industries and the broad masses of the people. All regions and departments must attach great importance to it, formulate a stable and practical implementation plan, and ensure its smooth completion.

四、本命令责成国家计量局负责贯彻执行。

4. This order entrusts the National Bureau of Metrology with the responsibility for implementation.

本命令自公布之日起生效。过去颁布的有关规定，与本命令有抵触的，以本命令为准。

This order shall take effect on the date of its promulgation. In case of conflict between previous regulations and this order, this order shall prevail.

中华人民共和国法定计量单位

Legal Units of Measurement of the People's Republic of China

我国的法定计量单位(以下简称法定单位)包括：

The legal units of measurement of China (hereinafter referred to as legal units) include:

(1)国际单位制的基本单位(见表1)；

(1) SI base units (see Table 1);

(2)国际单位制的辅助单位(见表2)；

(2) SI supplementary units (see Table 2);

(3)国际单位制中具有专门名称的导出单位(见表3)；

(3) SI derived units with special names (see Table 3);

(4)国家选定的非国际单位制单位(见表4)；

(4) Non-SI units selected by the State (see Table 4);

(5)由以上单位构成的组合形式的单位；

(5) Units formed by combination of the above units;

(6)由词头和以上单位所构成的十进倍数和分数单位(词头见表5)。

(6) Decimal multiples and submultiples formed by prefixes and the above units (prefixes see Table 5).

法定单位的定义、使用方法等，由国家计量局另行规定。

The definitions and usage methods of legal units shall be separately stipulated by the State Bureau of Metrology.

表１                 国际单位制的基本单位

Table 1 SI base units

量的名称

Name of quantity

单位名称

Unit Name

单位符号

Unit Symbol

长      度

Length

米

Meter

m

m

质      量

Mass

千克（公斤）

Kilogram

kg

kg

时      间

Time

秒

Second

s

s

电      流

Electric Current

安〔培〕

Ampere

A

A

热力学温度

Thermodynamic Temperature

开〔尔文〕

Kelvin

K

K

物 质 的 量

Amount of Substance

摩〔尔〕

Mole

mol

mol

发 光 强 度

Luminous intensity

坎〔德拉〕

Candela

cd

cd

表2                 国际单位制的辅助单位

Table 2 Supplementary Units of the International System of Units

量的名称

Name of quantity

单位名称

Unit Name

单位符号

Unit Symbol

平面角

Plane Angle

弧  度

Radian

rad

rad

立体角

Solid angle

球面度

Steradian

sr

sr

表3            国际单位制中具有专门名称的导出单位

Table 3 — SI derived units with special names

量的名称

Quantity

单位名称

Unit name

单位符号

Unit symbol

其它表示式例

Other expression examples

频率

Frequency

赫〔兹〕

Hertz

Hz

Hz

s-1

s⁻¹

力；重力

Newton

牛〔顿〕

N

N

N

kg·m/s2

kg·m/s2

压力，压强；应力

pressure，pressure intensity；stress

帕〔斯卡〕

Pascal〔Pascal〕

Pa

Pa

N/m2

N/m2

能量；功；热

energy；work；heat

焦〔耳〕

joule〔joule〕

J

J

N·m

N·m

功率；辐射通量

power；radiant flux

瓦〔特〕

watt〔watt〕

W

W

J/s

J/s

电荷量

electric charge

库〔仑〕

coulomb〔coulomb〕

C

A

A·s

C

电位；电压；电动势

V

伏〔特〕

F

V

Ω

W/A

S

电容

H

法〔拉〕

Wb

F

T

C/V

lm

电阻

Ohm

欧〔姆〕

Ω

Ω

Ω

V/A

V/A

电导

Siemens

西〔门子〕

siemens

S

S

A/V

A/V

磁通量

magnetic flux

韦〔伯〕

weber

Wb

Weber

V·s

Wb

磁通量密度，磁感应强度

Magnetic flux

特〔斯拉〕

V·s

T

The weber is the magnetic flux that, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of one volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in one second.

Wb/m2

Wb/m2

电感

Henry

亨〔利〕

Henry

H

H

Wb/A

Wb/A

摄氏温度

Celsius temperature

摄氏度

degree Celsius

℃

℃

光通量

luminous flux

流〔明〕

lumen

lm

lm

cd·sr

cd·sr

光照度

illuminance

勒〔克斯〕

lux

lx

lx

lm/m2

lm/m2

放射性活度

Becquerel

贝可〔勒尔〕

Bq

Bq

Bq

s-1

s-1

吸收剂量

Absorbed dose

戈〔瑞〕

Gray

Gy

Gy

J/kg

J/kg

剂量当量

Dose equivalent

希〔沃特〕

Hope〔Water〕

Sv

Sv

J/kg

J/kg

表4              国家选定的非国际单位制单位

Table 4: Non-SI Units Selected by the State

量的名称

Quantity

单位名称

Unit Name

单位符号

Unit Symbol

换算关系和说明

Conversion Relationship and Explanation

时间

Time

分

Minute

〔小〕时

minute (hour)

天 （日）

day (day)

min

min

h

h

d

d

1min=60s

1 min = 60 s

1h=60min=3600s

1 h = 60 min = 3600 s

1d=24h=86400s

1 d = 24 h = 86400 s

平面角

plane angle

〔角〕秒

second (angle)

〔角〕分

minute of angle

度

degree

（″）

second of angle

（＇）

minute of angle

（°）

degree

1″=(π/648000)rad

1″ = (π/648000) rad

(π为圆周率)

(π is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter)

1＇=60″=(π/10800)rad

1′ = 60″ = (π/10800) rad

1°=60＇=(π/180)rad

1° = 60′ = (π/180) rad

旋转速度

rotational speed

转每分

revolutions per minute

r/min

r/min

1r/min=(1/60)s-1

1r/min=(1/60)s-1

长度

length

海里

nautical mile

n mile

n mile

1n mile=1852m

1n mile=1852m

(只用于航程)

(only used for voyage)

速度

speed

节

knot

kn

kn

1kn=1n mile/h

1 kn = 1 n mile/h

=(1852/3600)m/s

= (1852/3600) m/s

(只用于航行)

(only for navigation)

质量

Mass

吨

ton

原子质量单位

atomic mass unit

t

t

u

u

1t=103 kg

1 t = 10^3 kg

1u≈1.6605655×10-27 kg

1u ≈ 1.6605655 × 10^-27 kg

体积

Volume

升

Liter

L,（l）

L, (l)

1L=1dm3=10-3m3

1 L = 1 dm³ = 10^-3 m³

能

Energy

电子伏

Electronvolt

eV

eV

1eV≈1.6021892×10-19J

1 eV ≈ 1.6021892 × 10^-19 J

级差

Level difference

分贝

decibel

dB

dB

线密度

linear density

特〔克斯〕

tex

tex

tex

1tex=1g/km

1 tex = 1 g/km

表5            用于构成十进倍数和分数单位的词头

Table 5: Prefixes used to form decimal multiples and submultiples

所表示的因数

Factor

词头名称

Prefix name

词头符号

Prefix symbol

1018

1018

艾〔可萨〕

exa

E

E

1015

1015

拍〔它〕

peta

P

P

1012

1012

太〔拉〕

tera

T

T

109

109

吉〔咖〕

G

G

10^9

106

M

兆

10^6

M

k

103

10^3

千

h

k

10^2

102

da

百

10^1

h

h

101

101

十

ten

da

da

10-1

10-1

分

minute

d

d

10-2

10-2

厘

centi-

c

c

10-3

10^-3

毫

milli

m

m

10-6

10^-6

微

micro

μ

μ

10-9

10^-9

纳〔诺〕

nano〔promise〕

n

n

10-12

10^-12

皮〔可〕

pico

p

p

10-15

10^-15

飞〔母托〕

femto

f

f

10-18

10^-18

阿〔托〕

atto

a

a

注：1、周、月、年（年的符号为a），为一般常用时间单位。 　　2、〔  〕内的字，是在不致混淆的情况下，可以省略的字。 　　3、（  ）内的字为前者的同义语。 　　4、角度单位度分秒的符号不处于数字后时，用括弧。 　　5、升的符号中，小写字母１为备用符号。 　　6、r为“转”的符号。 　　7、人民生活和贸易中，质量习惯称为重量。 　　8、公里为千米的俗称，符号为km。 　　9、10４称为万，10８称为亿，1012称为万亿，这类数词的使用不受词头名称的影响，但不应与词头混淆。

Note: 1. Week, month, and year (symbol for year is a) are commonly used time units. 2. Characters in square brackets [ ] may be omitted when no confusion arises. 3. Characters in parentheses ( ) are synonyms of the preceding term. 4. The symbols for degree, minute, and second of angle are enclosed in parentheses when not following a number. 5. For the symbol of liter, the lowercase letter l is an alternative symbol. 6. r is the symbol for revolution. 7. In daily life and trade, mass is customarily called weight. 8. Kilometer is the common name for kilometer, symbol km. 9. 10^4 is called wan, 10^8 is called yi, 10^12 is called wan yi; such numerals are not affected by prefix names but should not be confused with prefixes.