KYB CHINA（1991年3月22日中华人民共和国国务院令第77号发布 根据2011年1月8日《国务院关于废止和修改部分行政法规的决定》第一次修订 根据2018年3月19日《国务院关于修改和废止部分行政法规的决定》第二次修订 根据2026年1月30日《国务院关于修改和废止部分行政法规的决定》第三次修订）
(Promulgated by Decree No. 77 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on March 22, 1991; first revision in accordance with the Decision of the State Council on Abolishing and Amending Some Administrative Regulations on January 8, 2011; second revision in accordance with the Decision of the State Council on Amending and Abolishing Some Administrative Regulations on March 19, 2018; third revision in accordance with the Decision of the State Council on Amending and Abolishing Some Administrative Regulations on January 30, 2026)
总 则
General Provisions
为加强水库大坝安全管理，保障人民生命财产和社会主义建设的安全，根据《中华人民共和国水法》，制定本条例。
These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Water Law of the People's Republic of China to strengthen the safety management of reservoirs and dams and to ensure the safety of people's lives and property and the safety of socialist construction.
本条例适用于中华人民共和国境内坝高15米以上或者库容100万立方米以上的水库大坝(以下简称大坝)。大坝包括永久性挡水建筑物以及与其配合运用的泄洪、输水和过船建筑物等。
These Regulations apply to reservoirs and dams (hereinafter referred to as dams) within the territory of the People's Republic of China with a dam height of 15 meters or more or a storage capacity of 1,000,000 cubic meters or more. Dams include permanent water-retaining structures and associated spillway, water conveyance, and ship lock structures.
坝高15米以下、10米以上或者库容100万立方米以下、10万立方米以上，对重要城镇、交通干线、重要军事设施、工矿区安全有潜在危险的大坝，其安全管理参照本条例执行。
For dams with a height of less than 15 meters but more than 10 meters, or a storage capacity of less than 1,000,000 cubic meters but more than 100,000 cubic meters, which pose potential danger to important towns, transportation arteries, important military facilities, or industrial and mining areas, their safety management shall be implemented with reference to these Regulations.
国务院水行政主管部门会同国务院有关主管部门对全国的大坝安全实施监督。县级以上地方人民政府水行政主管部门会同有关主管部门对本行政区域内的大坝安全实施监督。
The water administrative department of the State Council, together with the relevant competent departments of the State Council, shall supervise the safety of dams nationwide. The water administrative departments of local people's governments at or above the county level, together with the relevant competent departments, shall supervise the safety of dams within their respective administrative regions.
各级水利、能源、建设、交通、农业等有关部门，是其所管辖的大坝的主管部门。
The relevant departments of water resources, energy, construction, transportation, and agriculture at all levels are the competent departments for the dams under their jurisdiction.
各级人民政府及其大坝主管部门对其所管辖的大坝的安全实行行政领导负责制。
People's governments at all levels and their dam competent departments shall implement a system of administrative leadership responsibility for the safety of dams under their jurisdiction.
大坝的建设和管理应当贯彻安全第一的方针。
The construction and management of dams shall adhere to the principle of safety first.
任何单位和个人都有保护大坝安全的义务。
All units and individuals have the obligation to protect the safety of dams.
大 坝 建 设
Dam Construction
兴建大坝必须符合由国务院水行政主管部门会同有关大坝主管部门制定的大坝安全技术标准。
The construction of a dam must comply with the dam safety technical standards formulated by the water administrative department of the State Council together with the relevant dam competent departments.
兴建大坝必须进行工程设计。大坝的工程设计必须由具有相应资格证书的单位承担。
The construction of a dam must undergo engineering design. The engineering design of a dam must be undertaken by a unit with corresponding qualifications.
大坝的工程设计应当包括工程观测、通信、动力、照明、交通、消防等管理设施的设计。
The engineering design of a dam shall include the design of management facilities such as engineering observation, communication, power, lighting, transportation, and fire protection.
大坝施工必须由具有相应资格证书的单位承担。大坝施工单位必须按照施工承包合同规定的设计文件、图纸要求和有关技术标准进行施工。
Dam construction must be undertaken by a unit with corresponding qualifications. The dam construction unit must carry out construction in accordance with the design documents, drawings, and relevant technical standards specified in the construction contract.
建设单位和设计单位应当派驻代表，对施工质量进行监督检查。质量不符合设计要求的，必须返工或者采取补救措施。
The construction unit and the design unit shall assign representatives to supervise and inspect the construction quality. If the quality does not meet the design requirements, rework or remedial measures must be taken.
兴建大坝时，建设单位应当按照批准的设计，提请县级以上人民政府依照国家规定划定管理和保护范围，树立标志。
When constructing a dam, the construction unit shall, in accordance with the approved design, request the people's government at or above the county level to delimit the management and protection scope and set up markers in accordance with national regulations.
已建大坝尚未划定管理和保护范围的，大坝主管部门应当根据安全管理的需要，提请县级以上人民政府划定。
For existing dams where the management and protection scope has not yet been delimited, the dam competent department shall, based on the needs of safety management, request the people's government at or above the county level to delimit it.
大坝开工后，大坝主管部门应当组建大坝管理单位，由其按照工程基本建设验收规程参与质量检查以及大坝分部、分项验收和蓄水验收工作。
After the commencement of dam construction, the dam competent department shall establish a dam management unit, which shall participate in quality inspections and the acceptance of dam parts, sub-items, and water storage in accordance with the engineering capital construction acceptance procedures.
大坝竣工后，建设单位应当申请大坝主管部门组织验收。
After the completion of the dam, the construction unit shall apply to the dam competent department for organization of acceptance.
大 坝 管 理
Dam Management
大坝及其设施受国家保护，任何单位和个人不得侵占、毁坏。大坝管理单位应当加强大坝的安全保卫工作。
Dams and their facilities are protected by the state, and no unit or individual may encroach upon or damage them. The dam management unit shall strengthen the security work of the dam.
禁止在大坝管理和保护范围内进行爆破、打井、采石、采矿、挖沙、取土、修坟等危害大坝安全的活动。
It is prohibited to carry out activities that endanger the safety of the dam, such as blasting, well drilling, quarrying, mining, sand excavation, earth taking, and grave digging, within the management and protection scope of the dam.
非大坝管理人员不得操作大坝的泄洪闸门、输水闸门以及其他设施，大坝管理人员操作时应当遵守有关的规章制度。禁止任何单位和个人干扰大坝的正常管理工作。
Non-dam management personnel shall not operate the dam's spillway gates, water conveyance gates, or other facilities. Dam management personnel shall comply with relevant rules and regulations when operating. No unit or individual may interfere with the normal management work of the dam.
禁止在大坝的集水区域内乱伐林木、陡坡开荒等导致水库淤积的活动。禁止在库区内围垦和进行采石、取土等危及山体的活动。
It is prohibited to engage in activities that cause reservoir sedimentation, such as indiscriminate logging of forests and steep slope reclamation, within the catchment area of the dam. It is prohibited to engage in activities that endanger the mountain body, such as reclamation and quarrying and earth taking, within the reservoir area.
大坝坝顶确需兼做公路的，须经科学论证和县级以上地方人民政府大坝主管部门批准，并采取相应的安全维护措施。
If the dam crest is indeed needed for use as a road, it must undergo scientific demonstration and be approved by the dam competent department of the local people's government at or above the county level, and corresponding safety maintenance measures shall be taken.
禁止在坝体修建码头、渠道、堆放杂物、晾晒粮草。在大坝管理和保护范围内修建码头、鱼塘的，须经大坝主管部门批准，并与坝脚和泄水、输水建筑物保持一定距离，不得影响大坝安全、工程管理和抢险工作。
It is prohibited to build docks, channels, pile up debris, or dry grain and grass on the dam body. The construction of docks or fish ponds within the management and protection scope of the dam must be approved by the dam competent department and shall maintain a certain distance from the dam toe and water release and conveyance structures, and shall not affect dam safety, engineering management, or emergency rescue work.
大坝主管部门应当配备具有相应业务水平的大坝安全管理人员。
The dam competent department shall equip itself with dam safety management personnel with corresponding professional levels.
大坝管理单位应当建立、健全安全管理规章制度。
The dam management unit shall establish and improve safety management rules and regulations.
大坝管理单位必须按照有关技术标准，对大坝进行安全监测和检查；对监测资料应当及时整理分析，随时掌握大坝运行状况。发现异常现象和不安全因素时，大坝管理单位应当立即报告大坝主管部门，及时采取措施。
The dam management unit must conduct safety monitoring and inspections of the dam in accordance with relevant technical standards; monitoring data shall be promptly compiled and analyzed to keep abreast of the dam's operating status at all times. When abnormal phenomena or unsafe factors are discovered, the dam management unit shall immediately report to the dam competent department and take timely measures.
大坝管理单位必须做好大坝的养护修理工作，保证大坝和闸门启闭设备完好。
The dam management unit must carry out maintenance and repair work of the dam to ensure that the dam and gate opening and closing equipment are in good condition.
大坝的运行，必须在保证安全的前提下，发挥综合效益。大坝管理单位应当根据批准的计划和大坝主管部门的指令进行水库的调度运用。
The operation of the dam must achieve comprehensive benefits while ensuring safety. The dam management unit shall carry out reservoir scheduling and operation in accordance with the approved plan and the instructions of the dam competent department.
在汛期，综合利用的水库，其调度运用必须服从防汛指挥机构的统一指挥；以发电为主的水库，其汛限水位以上的防洪库容及其洪水调度运用，必须服从防汛指挥机构的统一指挥。
During the flood season, the scheduling and operation of multi-purpose reservoirs must be subject to the unified command of the flood control headquarters; for reservoirs mainly for power generation, the flood control storage capacity above the flood limit water level and its flood scheduling and operation must be subject to the unified command of the flood control headquarters.
任何单位和个人不得非法干预水库的调度运用。
No unit or individual may illegally interfere with the scheduling and operation of the reservoir.
大坝主管部门应当建立大坝定期安全检查、鉴定制度。
The dam competent department shall establish a system for regular safety inspections and assessments of dams.
汛前、汛后，以及暴风、暴雨、特大洪水或者强烈地震发生后，大坝主管部门应当组织对其所管辖的大坝的安全进行检查。
Before and after the flood season, as well as after storms, heavy rain, extraordinary floods, or strong earthquakes, the dam competent department shall organize safety inspections of the dams under its jurisdiction.
大坝主管部门对其所管辖的大坝应当按期注册登记，建立技术档案。大坝注册登记办法由国务院水行政主管部门会同有关主管部门制定。
The dam competent department shall register the dams under its jurisdiction on schedule and establish technical files. The measures for dam registration shall be formulated by the water administrative department of the State Council together with the relevant competent departments.
大坝管理单位和有关部门应当做好防汛抢险物料的准备和气象水情预报，并保证水情传递、报警以及大坝管理单位与大坝主管部门、上级防汛指挥机构之间联系通畅。
The dam management unit and relevant departments shall make preparations for flood prevention and emergency materials and weather and hydrological forecasts, and ensure the smooth transmission of water conditions, alarms, and communication between the dam management unit and the dam competent department and the higher-level flood control command.
大坝出现险情征兆时，大坝管理单位应当立即报告大坝主管部门和上级防汛指挥机构，并采取抢救措施；有垮坝危险时，应当采取一切措施向预计的垮坝淹没地区发出警报，做好转移工作。
When signs of danger appear at the dam, the dam management unit shall immediately report to the dam competent department and the higher-level flood control command, and take rescue measures; when there is a risk of dam breach, all measures shall be taken to issue an alarm to the expected inundation area and carry out evacuation work.
险 坝 处 理
Treatment of Dangerous Dams
对尚未达到设计洪水标准、抗震设防标准或者有严重质量缺陷的险坝，大坝主管部门应当组织有关单位进行分类，采取除险加固等措施，或者废弃重建。
For dangerous dams that have not yet reached the design flood standard, seismic fortification standard, or have serious quality defects, the dam competent department shall organize relevant units to classify them and take measures such as reinforcement or abandonment and reconstruction.
在险坝加固前，大坝管理单位应当制定保坝应急措施；经论证必须改变原设计运行方式的，应当报请大坝主管部门审批。
Before reinforcement of a dangerous dam, the dam management unit shall formulate emergency measures for dam protection; if it is demonstrated that the original design operation mode must be changed, approval shall be sought from the dam competent department.
大坝主管部门应当对其所管辖的需要加固的险坝制定加固计划，限期消除危险；有关人民政府应当优先安排所需资金和物料。
The dam competent department shall formulate a reinforcement plan for the dangerous dams under its jurisdiction that need reinforcement, and eliminate the danger within a time limit; the relevant people's government shall give priority to arranging the necessary funds and materials.
险坝加固必须由具有相应设计资格证书的单位作出加固设计，经审批后组织实施。险坝加固竣工后，由大坝主管部门组织验收。
Reinforcement of dangerous dams must be designed by a unit with corresponding design qualifications, and implemented after approval. After the completion of dangerous dam reinforcement, the dam competent department shall organize acceptance.
大坝主管部门应当组织有关单位，对险坝可能出现的垮坝方式、淹没范围作出预估，并制定应急方案，报防汛指挥机构批准。
The dam competent department shall organize relevant units to estimate the possible breach mode and inundation scope of dangerous dams, and formulate emergency plans, which shall be submitted to the flood control command for approval.
罚 则
Penalty Provisions
违反本条例规定，有下列行为之一的，由大坝主管部门责令其停止违法行为，赔偿损失，采取补救措施，可以并处罚款；应当给予治安管理处罚的，由公安机关依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》的规定处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the dam competent department to stop the illegal act, compensate for losses, take remedial measures, and may also be fined; if public security administrative penalties should be imposed, the public security organ shall impose penalties in accordance with the Public Security Administration Punishments Law of the People's Republic of China; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law:
(一)毁坏大坝或者其观测、通信、动力、照明、交通、消防等管理设施的；
(1) Damaging the dam or its observation, communication, power, lighting, transportation, fire protection, and other management facilities;
(二)在大坝管理和保护范围内进行爆破、打井、采石、采矿、取土、挖沙、修坟等危害大坝安全活动的；
(2) Carrying out activities that endanger the safety of the dam, such as blasting, well drilling, quarrying, mining, earth taking, sand excavation, and grave digging, within the management and protection scope of the dam;
(三)擅自操作大坝的泄洪闸门、输水闸门以及其他设施，破坏大坝正常运行的；
(3) Operating the dam's spillway gates, water conveyance gates, or other facilities without authorization, disrupting the normal operation of the dam;
(四)在库区内围垦的；
(4) Reclaiming land within the reservoir area;
(五)在坝体修建码头、渠道或者堆放杂物、晾晒粮草的；
(5) Building docks or channels on the dam body, or piling up debris or drying grain and grass;
(六)擅自在大坝管理和保护范围内修建码头、鱼塘的。
(6) Building docks or fish ponds within the management and protection scope of the dam without authorization.
盗窃或者抢夺大坝工程设施、器材的，依照刑法规定追究刑事责任。
Whoever steals or forcibly seizes dam engineering facilities or equipment shall be investigated for criminal liability in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law.
由于勘测设计失误、施工质量低劣、调度运用不当以及滥用职权，玩忽职守，导致大坝事故的，由其所在单位或者上级主管机关对责任人员依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
If a dam accident is caused by errors in survey and design, low construction quality, improper scheduling and operation, or abuse of power or dereliction of duty, the unit to which the responsible person belongs or the higher competent authority shall impose sanctions on the responsible person in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law.
当事人对行政处罚决定不服的，可以依法申请行政复议，也可以依法提起行政诉讼。当事人逾期不申请行政复议或者不向人民法院起诉又不履行行政处罚决定的，由作出行政处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
If a party is dissatisfied with the administrative penalty decision, it may apply for administrative reconsideration or file an administrative lawsuit in accordance with the law. If the party fails to apply for administrative reconsideration or file a lawsuit with the people's court within the time limit and does not perform the administrative penalty decision, the organ that made the decision may apply to the people's court for compulsory enforcement.
对治安管理处罚不服的，依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》的规定办理。
If dissatisfied with a public security administrative penalty, the matter shall be handled in accordance with the Public Security Administration Punishments Law of the People's Republic of China.
附 则
Supplementary Provisions
国务院有关部门和各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可以根据本条例制定实施细则。
The relevant departments of the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate implementation rules in accordance with these Regulations.
本条例自发布之日起施行。
These Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.