Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland

(1998年12月27日中华人民共和国国务院令第257号发布　根据2011年1月8日《国务院关于废止和修改部分行政法规的决定》修订)

(Promulgated by Decree No. 257 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on December 27, 1998, and revised in accordance with the Decision of the State Council on Repealing and Amending Certain Administrative Regulations on January 8, 2011)

为了对基本农田实行特殊保护，促进农业生产和社会经济的可持续发展，根据《中华人民共和国农业法》和《中华人民共和国土地管理法》，制定本条例。

These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Agriculture Law of the People's Republic of China and the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China for the purpose of providing special protection for basic farmland and promoting sustainable development of agricultural production and the social economy.

国家实行基本农田保护制度。

The State implements a basic farmland protection system.

本条例所称基本农田，是指按照一定时期人口和社会经济发展对农产品的需求，依据土地利用总体规划确定的不得占用的耕地。

For the purposes of these Regulations, 'basic farmland' means cultivated land that, in accordance with the demand for agricultural products arising from population and socio-economic development in a given period, is designated in the overall land use plan as land that shall not be occupied.

本条例所称基本农田保护区，是指为对基本农田实行特殊保护而依据土地利用总体规划和依照法定程序确定的特定保护区域。

For the purposes of these Regulations, 'basic farmland protection areas' means specific protected areas designated in accordance with the overall land use plan and statutory procedures for the special protection of basic farmland.

基本农田保护实行全面规划、合理利用、用养结合、严格保护的方针。

The protection of basic farmland shall follow the principles of comprehensive planning, rational utilization, combination of utilization and maintenance, and strict protection.

县级以上地方各级人民政府应当将基本农田保护工作纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，作为政府领导任期目标责任制的一项内容，并由上一级人民政府监督实施。

Local people's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate basic farmland protection into their national economic and social development plans, make it a component of the term target responsibility system for government leaders, and the people's government at the next higher level shall supervise its implementation.

任何单位和个人都有保护基本农田的义务，并有权检举、控告侵占、破坏基本农田和其他违反本条例的行为。

All units and individuals have the obligation to protect basic farmland and have the right to report and accuse any acts of encroachment, destruction, or other violations of these Regulations.

国务院土地行政主管部门和农业行政主管部门按照国务院规定的职责分工，依照本条例负责全国的基本农田保护管理工作。

The land administration department and the agricultural administration department of the State Council shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities prescribed by the State Council, be responsible for the administration of basic farmland protection nationwide under these Regulations.

县级以上地方各级人民政府土地行政主管部门和农业行政主管部门按照本级人民政府规定的职责分工，依照本条例负责本行政区域内的基本农田保护管理工作。

The land administration departments and agricultural administration departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities prescribed by the people's government at the corresponding level, be responsible for the administration of basic farmland protection within their respective administrative regions under these Regulations.

乡(镇)人民政府负责本行政区域内的基本农田保护管理工作。

The people's government of a township (town) shall be responsible for the administration of basic farmland protection within its administrative region.

国家对在基本农田保护工作中取得显著成绩的单位和个人，给予奖励。

The State shall give awards to units and individuals that have achieved remarkable results in basic farmland protection.

各级人民政府在编制土地利用总体规划时，应当将基本农田保护作为规划的一项内容，明确基本农田保护的布局安排、数量指标和质量要求。

When formulating overall land use plans, people's governments at all levels shall incorporate basic farmland protection as a component of the plan, specifying the layout arrangement, quantity targets, and quality requirements for basic farmland protection.

县级和乡(镇)土地利用总体规划应当确定基本农田保护区。

Overall land use plans at the county and township (town) levels shall designate basic farmland protection areas.

省、自治区、直辖市划定的基本农田应当占本行政区域内耕地总面积的80%以上，具体数量指标根据全国土地利用总体规划逐级分解下达。

The basic farmland designated by provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall account for no less than 80% of the total cultivated land area within their respective administrative regions. The specific quantity targets shall be decomposed and assigned level by level in accordance with the national overall land use plan.

下列耕地应当划入基本农田保护区，严格管理：

The following cultivated land shall be included in basic farmland protection areas and strictly managed:

(一)经国务院有关主管部门或者县级以上地方人民政府批准确定的粮、棉、油生产基地内的耕地；

(1) Cultivated land within grain, cotton, and oil production bases approved by the relevant competent department of the State Council or local people's governments at or above the county level;

(二)有良好的水利与水土保持设施的耕地，正在实施改造计划以及可以改造的中、低产田；

(2) Cultivated land with good irrigation and water-soil conservation facilities, medium- and low-yield fields that are undergoing improvement plans or can be improved;

(三)蔬菜生产基地；

(3) Vegetable production bases;

(四)农业科研、教学试验田。

(4) Agricultural research and teaching experimental fields.

根据土地利用总体规划，铁路、公路等交通沿线，城市和村庄、集镇建设用地区周边的耕地，应当优先划入基本农田保护区；需要退耕还林、还牧、还湖的耕地，不应当划入基本农田保护区。

According to the overall land use plan, cultivated land along railways, highways, and other transportation routes, as well as cultivated land surrounding urban areas, villages, and towns for construction use, shall be given priority for inclusion in basic farmland protection areas. Cultivated land that needs to be returned to forests, grasslands, or lakes shall not be included in basic farmland protection areas.

基本农田保护区以乡(镇)为单位划区定界，由县级人民政府土地行政主管部门会同同级农业行政主管部门组织实施。

Basic farmland protection areas shall be delineated with townships (towns) as units, and the delineation shall be organized and implemented by the land administration department of the county people's government jointly with the agricultural administration department at the same level.

划定的基本农田保护区，由县级人民政府设立保护标志，予以公告，由县级人民政府土地行政主管部门建立档案，并抄送同级农业行政主管部门。任何单位和个人不得破坏或者擅自改变基本农田保护区的保护标志。

For the delineated basic farmland protection areas, the county people's government shall set up protection signs and make a public announcement. The land administration department of the county people's government shall establish archives and send copies to the agricultural administration department at the same level. No unit or individual may damage or alter the protection signs of basic farmland protection areas without authorization.

基本农田划区定界后，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府组织土地行政主管部门和农业行政主管部门验收确认，或者由省、自治区人民政府授权设区的市、自治州人民政府组织土地行政主管部门和农业行政主管部门验收确认。

After the delineation of basic farmland areas, the people's government of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall organize the land administration department and the agricultural administration department to verify and confirm, or the people's government of a province or autonomous region may authorize the people's government of a city with districts or an autonomous prefecture to organize the land administration department and the agricultural administration department to verify and confirm.

划定基本农田保护区时，不得改变土地承包者的承包经营权。

When delineating basic farmland protection areas, the contractual management rights of land contractors shall not be altered.

划定基本农田保护区的技术规程，由国务院土地行政主管部门会同国务院农业行政主管部门制定。

The technical regulations for delineating basic farmland protection areas shall be formulated by the land administration department of the State Council jointly with the agricultural administration department of the State Council.

地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，确保土地利用总体规划确定的本行政区域内基本农田的数量不减少。

Local people's governments at all levels shall take measures to ensure that the quantity of basic farmland within their administrative regions as determined by the overall land use plan is not reduced.

基本农田保护区经依法划定后，任何单位和个人不得改变或者占用。国家能源、交通、水利、军事设施等重点建设项目选址确实无法避开基本农田保护区，需要占用基本农田，涉及农用地转用或者征收土地的，必须经国务院批准。

Once a basic farmland protection area is legally delineated, no unit or individual may change or occupy it. If the site selection for key construction projects such as national energy, transportation, water conservancy, and military facilities truly cannot avoid the basic farmland protection area and requires the occupation of basic farmland, involving the conversion of agricultural land or land expropriation, it must be approved by the State Council.

经国务院批准占用基本农田的，当地人民政府应当按照国务院的批准文件修改土地利用总体规划，并补充划入数量和质量相当的基本农田。占用单位应当按照占多少、垦多少的原则，负责开垦与所占基本农田的数量与质量相当的耕地；没有条件开垦或者开垦的耕地不符合要求的，应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳耕地开垦费，专款用于开垦新的耕地。

Where basic farmland is occupied with the approval of the State Council, the local people's government shall amend the overall land use plan in accordance with the approval document of the State Council and supplement the allocation of basic farmland of equivalent quantity and quality. The occupying unit shall, in accordance with the principle of occupying how much and reclaiming how much, be responsible for reclaiming cultivated land of a quantity and quality equivalent to the occupied basic farmland; if it is unable to reclaim or the reclaimed cultivated land does not meet the requirements, it shall pay a cultivated land reclamation fee in accordance with the provisions of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, which shall be used exclusively for reclaiming new cultivated land.

占用基本农田的单位应当按照县级以上地方人民政府的要求，将所占用基本农田耕作层的土壤用于新开垦耕地、劣质地或者其他耕地的土壤改良。

The unit occupying basic farmland shall, in accordance with the requirements of the local people's government at or above the county level, use the topsoil of the occupied basic farmland for soil improvement of newly reclaimed cultivated land, inferior land, or other cultivated land.

禁止任何单位和个人在基本农田保护区内建窑、建房、建坟、挖砂、采石、采矿、取土、堆放固体废弃物或者进行其他破坏基本农田的活动。

No unit or individual may build kilns, houses, graves, dig sand, quarry, mine, extract soil, pile solid waste, or engage in other activities that destroy basic farmland within basic farmland protection areas.

禁止任何单位和个人占用基本农田发展林果业和挖塘养鱼。

No unit or individual may occupy basic farmland to develop forestry, fruit industry, or dig ponds for fish farming.

禁止任何单位和个人闲置、荒芜基本农田。经国务院批准的重点建设项目占用基本农田的，满1年不使用而又可以耕种并收获的，应当由原耕种该幅基本农田的集体或者个人恢复耕种，也可以由用地单位组织耕种；1年以上未动工建设的，应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳闲置费；连续2年未使用的，经国务院批准，由县级以上人民政府无偿收回用地单位的土地使用权；该幅土地原为农民集体所有的，应当交由原农村集体经济组织恢复耕种，重新划入基本农田保护区。

No unit or individual may idle or abandon basic farmland. If basic farmland occupied by key construction projects approved by the State Council is not used for one full year but can still be cultivated and harvested, the collective or individual that originally cultivated the basic farmland shall resume cultivation, or the land-using unit may organize cultivation; if construction has not started for more than one year, an idle fee shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government; if it has not been used for two consecutive years, with the approval of the State Council, the people's government at or above the county level shall unconditionally recover the land use right of the land-using unit; if the land was originally owned by a peasant collective, it shall be handed over to the original rural collective economic organization to resume cultivation and be re-delineated into the basic farmland protection area.

承包经营基本农田的单位或者个人连续2年弃耕抛荒的，原发包单位应当终止承包合同，收回发包的基本农田。

If a unit or individual contracted to operate basic farmland abandons the land for two consecutive years, the original contracting entity shall terminate the contract and recover the contracted basic farmland.

国家提倡和鼓励农业生产者对其经营的基本农田施用有机肥料，合理施用化肥和农药。利用基本农田从事农业生产的单位和个人应当保持和培肥地力。

The state advocates and encourages agricultural producers to apply organic fertilizers to the basic farmland they operate and to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides rationally. Units and individuals using basic farmland for agricultural production shall maintain and improve soil fertility.

县级人民政府应当根据当地实际情况制定基本农田地力分等定级办法，由农业行政主管部门会同土地行政主管部门组织实施，对基本农田地力分等定级，并建立档案。

The people's government at the county level shall, based on local actual conditions, formulate methods for grading basic farmland fertility, which shall be organized and implemented by the agricultural administration department jointly with the land administration department to grade basic farmland fertility and establish archives.

农村集体经济组织或者村民委员会应当定期评定基本农田地力等级。

Rural collective economic organizations or villagers' committees shall regularly assess the fertility grade of basic farmland.

县级以上地方各级人民政府农业行政主管部门应当逐步建立基本农田地力与施肥效益长期定位监测网点，定期向本级人民政府提出基本农田地力变化状况报告以及相应的地力保护措施，并为农业生产者提供施肥指导服务。

The agricultural administration department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall gradually establish long-term fixed monitoring sites for basic farmland fertility and fertilization benefits, regularly submit reports on changes in basic farmland fertility and corresponding fertility protection measures to the people's government at the same level, and provide fertilization guidance services to agricultural producers.

县级以上人民政府农业行政主管部门应当会同同级环境保护行政主管部门对基本农田环境污染进行监测和评价，并定期向本级人民政府提出环境质量与发展趋势的报告。

The agricultural administration department of the people's government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the environmental protection administration department at the same level, monitor and evaluate environmental pollution of basic farmland and regularly submit reports on environmental quality and development trends to the people's government at the same level.

经国务院批准占用基本农田兴建国家重点建设项目的，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境保护管理的规定。在建设项目环境影响报告书中，应当有基本农田环境保护方案。

Where basic farmland is occupied with the approval of the State Council for the construction of national key construction projects, the relevant state regulations on environmental protection management of construction projects must be complied with. The environmental impact report of the construction project shall include a basic farmland environmental protection plan.

向基本农田保护区提供肥料和作为肥料的城市垃圾、污泥的，应当符合国家有关标准。

Fertilizers and urban garbage or sludge used as fertilizers supplied to basic farmland protection areas shall comply with relevant national standards.

因发生事故或者其他突然性事件，造成或者可能造成基本农田环境污染事故的，当事人必须立即采取措施处理，并向当地环境保护行政主管部门和农业行政主管部门报告，接受调查处理。

If an accident or other sudden event causes or may cause environmental pollution of basic farmland, the party concerned must immediately take measures to handle it and report to the local environmental protection administration department and agricultural administration department for investigation and handling.

在建立基本农田保护区的地方，县级以上地方人民政府应当与下一级人民政府签订基本农田保护责任书；乡(镇)人民政府应当根据与县级人民政府签订的基本农田保护责任书的要求，与农村集体经济组织或者村民委员会签订基本农田保护责任书。

In areas where basic farmland protection areas are established, the local people's government at or above the county level shall sign a basic farmland protection responsibility letter with the people's government at the next lower level; the people's government of a township (town) shall, based on the requirements of the basic farmland protection responsibility letter signed with the county people's government, sign a basic farmland protection responsibility letter with the rural collective economic organization or villagers' committee.

基本农田保护责任书应当包括下列内容：

The basic farmland protection responsibility letter shall include the following contents:

(一)基本农田的范围、面积、地块；

(1) The scope, area, and plots of basic farmland;

(二)基本农田的地力等级；

(2) The fertility grade of basic farmland;

(三)保护措施；

(3) Protection measures;

(四)当事人的权利与义务；

(4) Rights and obligations of the parties;

(五)奖励与处罚。

(5) Rewards and penalties.

县级以上地方人民政府应当建立基本农田保护监督检查制度，定期组织土地行政主管部门、农业行政主管部门以及其他有关部门对基本农田保护情况进行检查，将检查情况书面报告上一级人民政府。被检查的单位和个人应当如实提供有关情况和资料，不得拒绝。

Local people's governments at or above the county level shall establish a supervision and inspection system for the protection of basic farmland, regularly organize the land administrative department, the agricultural administrative department, and other relevant departments to inspect the protection of basic farmland, and report the inspection results in writing to the people's government at the next higher level. The inspected units and individuals shall truthfully provide relevant information and materials and shall not refuse.

县级以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门、农业行政主管部门对本行政区域内发生的破坏基本农田的行为，有权责令纠正。

The land administrative department and the agricultural administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level have the authority to order the correction of any act that damages basic farmland within their administrative region.

违反本条例规定，有下列行为之一的，依照《中华人民共和国土地管理法》和《中华人民共和国土地管理法实施条例》的有关规定，从重给予处罚：

In violation of these regulations, any of the following acts shall be given heavier penalties in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China and the Implementing Regulations of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China:

(一)未经批准或者采取欺骗手段骗取批准，非法占用基本农田的；

(1) Illegally occupying basic farmland without approval or by fraudulent means to obtain approval;

(二)超过批准数量，非法占用基本农田的；

(2) Illegally occupying basic farmland exceeding the approved amount;

(三)非法批准占用基本农田的；

(3) Illegally approving the occupation of basic farmland;

(四)买卖或者以其他形式非法转让基本农田的。

(4) Selling or illegally transferring basic farmland in other forms.

违反本条例规定，应当将耕地划入基本农田保护区而不划入的，由上一级人民政府责令限期改正；拒不改正的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予行政处分或者纪律处分。

In violation of these regulations, if farmland that should be designated as a basic farmland protection area is not designated, the people's government at the next higher level shall order correction within a time limit; if correction is refused, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions or disciplinary sanctions according to law.

违反本条例规定，破坏或者擅自改变基本农田保护区标志的，由县级以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门或者农业行政主管部门责令恢复原状，可以处1000元以下罚款。

In violation of these regulations, if the signs of a basic farmland protection area are damaged or altered without authorization, the land administrative department or the agricultural administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order restoration to the original state and may impose a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan.

违反本条例规定，占用基本农田建窑、建房、建坟、挖砂、采石、采矿、取土、堆放固体废弃物或者从事其他活动破坏基本农田，毁坏种植条件的，由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令改正或者治理，恢复原种植条件，处占用基本农田的耕地开垦费1倍以上2倍以下的罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

In violation of these regulations, if basic farmland is occupied for building kilns, houses, graves, digging sand, quarrying, mining, extracting soil, piling solid waste, or engaging in other activities that damage basic farmland and destroy planting conditions, the land administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order correction or remediation, restore the original planting conditions, and impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than two times the farmland reclamation fee for the occupied basic farmland; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

侵占、挪用基本农田的耕地开垦费，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分或者纪律处分。

If the farmland reclamation fee for basic farmland is embezzled or misappropriated, and a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law; if a crime is not constituted, administrative sanctions or disciplinary sanctions shall be imposed according to law.

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可以根据当地实际情况，将其他农业生产用地划为保护区。保护区内的其他农业生产用地的保护和管理，可以参照本条例执行。

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, based on local actual conditions, designate other agricultural production land as protected areas. The protection and management of other agricultural production land within the protected areas may be implemented with reference to these regulations.

本条例自1999年1月1日起施行。1994年8月18日国务院发布的《基本农田保护条例》同时废止。

These regulations shall come into effect as of January 1, 1999. The Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland promulgated by the State Council on August 18, 1994 shall be repealed simultaneously.