KYB CHINA(2000年1月29日中华人民共和国国务院令第278号发布 根据2011年1月8日《国务院关于废止和修改部分行政法规的决定》第一次修订 根据2016年2月6日《国务院关于修改部分行政法规的决定》第二次修订 根据2018年3月19日《国务院关于修改和废止部分行政法规的决定》第三次修订)
(Issued by Decree No. 278 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on January 29, 2000; first revision according to the Decision of the State Council on Repealing and Amending Certain Administrative Regulations on January 8, 2011; second revision according to the Decision of the State Council on Amending Certain Administrative Regulations on February 6, 2016; third revision according to the Decision of the State Council on Amending and Repealing Certain Administrative Regulations on March 19, 2018)
总则
General Provisions
根据《中华人民共和国森林法》(以下简称森林法)，制定本条例。
These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Forest Law).
森林资源，包括森林、林木、林地以及依托森林、林木、林地生存的野生动物、植物和微生物。
Forest resources include forests, trees, forest land, and the wild animals, plants, and microorganisms that depend on forests, trees, and forest land for survival.
森林，包括乔木林和竹林。
Forests include arbor forests and bamboo forests.
林木，包括树木和竹子。
Trees include trees and bamboos.
林地，包括郁闭度0.2以上的乔木林地以及竹林地、灌木林地、疏林地、采伐迹地、火烧迹地、未成林造林地、苗圃地和县级以上人民政府规划的宜林地。
Forest land includes arbor forest land with a canopy density of 0.2 or above, as well as bamboo forest land, shrub land, sparse forest land, cutover land, burned land, immature forest land, nursery land, and land suitable for forestry planned by people's governments at or above the county level.
国家依法实行森林、林木和林地登记发证制度。依法登记的森林、林木和林地的所有权、使用权受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。
The State implements a system of registration and certification for forests, trees, and forest land in accordance with the law. The ownership and use rights of forests, trees, and forest land registered in accordance with the law are protected by law, and no unit or individual may infringe upon them.
森林、林木和林地的权属证书式样由国务院林业主管部门规定。
The format of the ownership certificates for forests, trees, and forest land shall be prescribed by the competent forestry department of the State Council.
依法使用的国家所有的森林、林木和林地，按照下列规定登记：
State-owned forests, trees, and forest land used in accordance with the law shall be registered in accordance with the following provisions:
(一)使用国务院确定的国家所有的重点林区(以下简称重点林区)的森林、林木和林地的单位，应当向国务院林业主管部门提出登记申请，由国务院林业主管部门登记造册，核发证书，确认森林、林木和林地使用权以及由使用者所有的林木所有权；
(1) Entities using forests, trees, and forest land in key state-owned forest regions designated by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as key forest regions) shall submit a registration application to the forestrycompetent authority of the State Council, which shall register, issue certificates, and confirm the right to use forests, trees, and forest land as well as the ownership of trees owned by the user.
(二)使用国家所有的跨行政区域的森林、林木和林地的单位和个人，应当向共同的上一级人民政府林业主管部门提出登记申请，由该人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认森林、林木和林地使用权以及由使用者所有的林木所有权；
(2) Entities and individuals using state-owned forests, trees, and forest land that cross administrative regions shall submit a registration application to the forestrycompetent authority of the common higher-level people's government, which shall register, issue certificates, and confirm the right to use forests, trees, and forest land as well as the ownership of trees owned by the user.
(三)使用国家所有的其他森林、林木和林地的单位和个人，应当向县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门提出登记申请，由县级以上地方人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认森林、林木和林地使用权以及由使用者所有的林木所有权。
(3) Entities and individuals using other state-owned forests, trees, and forest land shall submit a registration application to the forestrycompetent authority of the local people's government at or above the county level, which shall register, issue certificates, and confirm the right to use forests, trees, and forest land as well as the ownership of trees owned by the user.
未确定使用权的国家所有的森林、林木和林地，由县级以上人民政府登记造册，负责保护管理。
State-owned forests, trees, and forest land for which use rights have not been determined shall be registered and managed by the people's government at or above the county level.
集体所有的森林、林木和林地，由所有者向所在地的县级人民政府林业主管部门提出登记申请，由该县级人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认所有权。
For collectively owned forests, trees, and forest land, the owner shall submit a registration application to the forestrycompetent authority of the county-level people's government where the land is located, which shall register, issue certificates, and confirm ownership.
单位和个人所有的林木，由所有者向所在地的县级人民政府林业主管部门提出登记申请，由该县级人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认林木所有权。
For trees owned by entities and individuals, the owner shall submit a registration application to the forestrycompetent authority of the county-level people's government where the land is located, which shall register, issue certificates, and confirm tree ownership.
使用集体所有的森林、林木和林地的单位和个人，应当向所在地的县级人民政府林业主管部门提出登记申请，由该县级人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认森林、林木和林地使用权。
Entities and individuals using collectively owned forests, trees, and forest land shall submit a registration application to the forestrycompetent authority of the county-level people's government where the land is located, which shall register, issue certificates, and confirm the right to use forests, trees, and forest land.
改变森林、林木和林地所有权、使用权的，应当依法办理变更登记手续。
Any change in the ownership or use rights of forests, trees, and forest land shall be registered for modification in accordance with the law.
县级以上人民政府林业主管部门应当建立森林、林木和林地权属管理档案。
The forestrycompetent authority of people's governments at or above the county level shall establish archives for the management of ownership and use rights of forests, trees, and forest land.
国家重点防护林和特种用途林，由国务院林业主管部门提出意见，报国务院批准公布；地方重点防护林和特种用途林，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门提出意见，报本级人民政府批准公布；其他防护林、用材林、特种用途林以及经济林、薪炭林，由县级人民政府林业主管部门根据国家关于林种划分的规定和本级人民政府的部署组织划定，报本级人民政府批准公布。
National key shelter forests and special-purpose forests shall be proposed by the forestrycompetent authority of the State Council and submitted to the State Council for approval and announcement; local key shelter forests and special-purpose forests shall be proposed by the forestrycompetent authority of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government and submitted to the people's government at the same level for approval and announcement; other shelter forests, timber forests, special-purpose forests, economic forests, and fuel forests shall be delineated by the forestrycompetent authority of county-level people's governments in accordance with national regulations on forest type classification and the deployment of the people's government at the same level, and submitted to the people's government at the same level for approval and announcement.
省、自治区、直辖市行政区域内的重点防护林和特种用途林的面积，不得少于本行政区域森林总面积的30%。
The area of key protection forests and special-use forests within the administrative region of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall not be less than 30% of the total forest area of that administrative region.
经批准公布的林种改变为其他林种的，应当报原批准公布机关批准。
If an approved and published forest category is changed to another forest category, approval from the original approving and publishing authority shall be obtained.
依照森林法第八条第一款第(五)项规定提取的资金，必须专门用于营造坑木、造纸等用材林，不得挪作他用。审计机关和林业主管部门应当加强监督。
Funds extracted in accordance with Article 8, Paragraph 1, Item (5) of the Forest Law must be used exclusively for planting timber forests such as pit props and papermaking, and shall not be misappropriated for other purposes. Audit authorities and forestrycompetent authority shall strengthen supervision.
国务院林业主管部门向重点林区派驻的森林资源监督机构，应当加强对重点林区内森林资源保护管理的监督检查。
The forest resource supervision agency dispatched by the competent forestry authority of the State Council to key forest areas shall strengthen supervision and inspection of forest resource protection and management within key forest areas.
森林经营管理
Forest Management
国务院林业主管部门应当定期监测全国森林资源消长和森林生态环境变化的情况。
The competent forestry authority of the State Council shall regularly monitor the growth and decline of national forest resources and changes in the forest ecological environment.
重点林区森林资源调查、建立档案和编制森林经营方案等项工作，由国务院林业主管部门组织实施；其他森林资源调查、建立档案和编制森林经营方案等项工作，由县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门组织实施。
The work of forest resource surveys, establishing archives, and compiling forest management plans in key forest areas shall be organized and implemented by the competent forestry authority of the State Council; such work in other forest areas shall be organized and implemented by the competent forestry authorities of local people's governments at or above the county level.
制定林业长远规划，应当遵循下列原则：
The formulation of long-term forestry plans shall follow the following principles:
(一)保护生态环境和促进经济的可持续发展；
(1) Protecting the ecological environment and promoting sustainable economic development;
(二)以现有的森林资源为基础；
(2) Based on existing forest resources;
(三)与土地利用总体规划、水土保持规划、城市规划、村庄和集镇规划相协调。
(3) Coordinate with the overall land use plan, soil and water conservation plan, urban plan, and village and town plan.
林业长远规划应当包括下列内容：
A long-term forestry plan shall include the following contents:
(一)林业发展目标；
(1) Forestry development objectives;
(二)林种比例；
(2) Forest type ratios;
(三)林地保护利用规划；
(3) Forest land protection and utilization plan;
(四)植树造林规划。
(4) Afforestation plan.
全国林业长远规划由国务院林业主管部门会同其他有关部门编制，报国务院批准后施行。
The national long-term forestry plan shall be formulated by the competent forestry department of the State Council jointly with other relevant departments, and shall be implemented after being approved by the State Council.
地方各级林业长远规划由县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门会同其他有关部门编制，报本级人民政府批准后施行。
Local long-term forestry plans at various levels shall be formulated by the competent forestry departments of local people's governments at or above the county level jointly with other relevant departments, and shall be implemented after being approved by the people's government at the same level.
下级林业长远规划应当根据上一级林业长远规划编制。
A lower-level long-term forestry plan shall be formulated based on the higher-level long-term forestry plan.
林业长远规划的调整、修改，应当报经原批准机关批准。
Adjustments or modifications to a long-term forestry plan shall be submitted for approval to the original approving authority.
国家依法保护森林、林木和林地经营者的合法权益。任何单位和个人不得侵占经营者依法所有的林木和使用的林地。
The state protects the legitimate rights and interests of forest, tree, and forestland operators in accordance with the law. No unit or individual may encroach upon the trees lawfully owned by operators or the forestland used by them.
用材林、经济林和薪炭林的经营者，依法享有经营权、收益权和其他合法权益。
Operators of timber forests, economic forests, and fuel forests shall enjoy the rights of operation, usufruct, and other legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.
防护林和特种用途林的经营者，有获得森林生态效益补偿的权利。
Operators of protection forests and special-purpose forests shall have the right to receive compensation for forest ecological benefits.
勘查、开采矿藏和修建道路、水利、电力、通讯等工程，需要占用或者征收、征用林地的，必须遵守下列规定：
Where exploration, mining of mineral resources, or construction of roads, water conservancy, electric power, communications, or other projects requires the occupation or requisition of forestland, the following provisions must be complied with:
(一)用地单位应当向县级以上人民政府林业主管部门提出用地申请，经审核同意后，按照国家规定的标准预交森林植被恢复费，领取使用林地审核同意书。用地单位凭使用林地审核同意书依法办理建设用地审批手续。占用或者征收、征用林地未经林业主管部门审核同意的，土地行政主管部门不得受理建设用地申请。
(1) The land-using unit shall submit a land use application to the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level. After examination and approval, it shall prepay the forest vegetation restoration fee according to the standards prescribed by the state and obtain the approval letter for forestland use. The land-using unit shall, by virtue of the approval letter for forestland use, go through the formalities for approval of construction land in accordance with the law. Where the occupation or requisition of forestland has not been examined and approved by the forestrycompetent authority, the land administration department shall not accept the application for construction land.
(二)占用或者征收、征用防护林林地或者特种用途林林地面积10公顷以上的，用材林、经济林、薪炭林林地及其采伐迹地面积35公顷以上的，其他林地面积70公顷以上的，由国务院林业主管部门审核；占用或者征收、征用林地面积低于上述规定数量的，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门审核。占用或者征收、征用重点林区的林地的，由国务院林业主管部门审核。
(2) Where the area of protection forest or special-purpose forestland occupied or requisitioned is 10 hectares or more, or the area of timber forest, economic forest, fuel forest, or their cutting slash is 35 hectares or more, or the area of other forestland is 70 hectares or more, the examination shall be conducted by the forestrycompetent authority of the State Council. Where the area of forestland occupied or requisitioned is less than the above amounts, the examination shall be conducted by the forestrycompetent authority of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government. Where forestland in key forest regions is occupied or requisitioned, the examination shall be conducted by the forestrycompetent authority of the State Council.
(三)用地单位需要采伐已经批准占用或者征收、征用的林地上的林木时，应当向林地所在地的县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门或者国务院林业主管部门申请林木采伐许可证。
(3) Where the land-using unit needs to fell trees on the forestland that has been approved for occupation or requisition, it shall apply for a timber felling permit to the forestrycompetent authority of the local people's government at or above the county level where the forestland is located, or to the forestrycompetent authority of the State Council.
(四)占用或者征收、征用林地未被批准的，有关林业主管部门应当自接到不予批准通知之日起7日内将收取的森林植被恢复费如数退还。
(4) Where the occupation or requisition of forestland is not approved, the relevant forestrycompetent authority shall, within 7 days from the date of receiving the notice of disapproval, refund the collected forest vegetation restoration fee in full.
需要临时占用林地的，应当经县级以上人民政府林业主管部门批准。
Where temporary occupation of forestland is required, approval from the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level shall be obtained.
临时占用林地的期限不得超过两年，并不得在临时占用的林地上修筑永久性建筑物；占用期满后，用地单位必须恢复林业生产条件。
The period of temporary occupation of forestland shall not exceed two years, and no permanent structures may be built on the temporarily occupied forestland. Upon expiration of the occupation period, the land-using unit must restore the conditions for forestry production.
森林经营单位在所经营的林地范围内修筑直接为林业生产服务的工程设施，需要占用林地的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门批准；修筑其他工程设施，需要将林地转为非林业建设用地的，必须依法办理建设用地审批手续。
Where a forest management unit needs to occupy forestland for the construction of engineering facilities directly serving forestry production within the forestland under its management, it shall be approved by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level; where other engineering facilities are to be constructed and forestland needs to be converted into non-forestry construction land, the procedures for approval of construction land must be handled in accordance with the law.
前款所称直接为林业生产服务的工程设施是指：
The engineering facilities directly serving forestry production referred to in the preceding paragraph mean:
(一)培育、生产种子、苗木的设施；
(1) Facilities for cultivating and producing seeds and seedlings;
(二)贮存种子、苗木、木材的设施；
(2) Facilities for storing seeds, seedlings, and timber;
(三)集材道、运材道；
(3) Skid roads and haul roads;
(四)林业科研、试验、示范基地；
(4) Forestry scientific research, experiment, and demonstration bases;
(五)野生动植物保护、护林、森林病虫害防治、森林防火、木材检疫的设施；
(5) Facilities for wildlife protection, forest protection, forest pest control, forest fire prevention, and timber quarantine;
(六)供水、供电、供热、供气、通讯基础设施。
(6) Infrastructure for water supply, power supply, heat supply, gas supply, and communications.
森林保护
Forest Protection
县级以上人民政府林业主管部门应当根据森林病虫害测报中心和测报点对测报对象的调查和监测情况，定期发布长期、中期、短期森林病虫害预报，并及时提出防治方案。
The competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall, based on the investigation and monitoring of forecast targets by forest pest forecast centers and forecast stations, regularly issue long-term, medium-term, and short-term forest pest forecasts, and promptly propose prevention and control plans.
森林经营者应当选用良种，营造混交林，实行科学育林，提高防御森林病虫害的能力。
Forest operators shall select improved varieties, establish mixed forests, practice scientific forest management, and enhance the ability to prevent and control forest pests.
发生森林病虫害时，有关部门、森林经营者应当采取综合防治措施，及时进行除治。
When forest pests occur, relevant departments and forest operators shall adopt integrated control measures and promptly carry out elimination.
发生严重森林病虫害时，当地人民政府应当采取紧急除治措施，防止蔓延，消除隐患。
When severe forest pests occur, the local people's government shall take emergency elimination measures to prevent spread and eliminate hazards.
国务院林业主管部门负责确定全国林木种苗检疫对象。省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门根据本地区的需要，可以确定本省、自治区、直辖市的林木种苗补充检疫对象，报国务院林业主管部门备案。
The competent forestry department of the State Council is responsible for determining the national quarantine objects for forest tree seeds and seedlings. The competent forestry departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, based on local needs, determine supplementary quarantine objects for forest tree seeds and seedlings within their respective administrative regions and report them to the competent forestry department of the State Council for recordation.
禁止毁林开垦、毁林采种和违反操作技术规程采脂、挖笋、掘根、剥树皮及过度修枝的毁林行为。
It is prohibited to destroy forests by clearing land for cultivation, collecting seeds, or engaging in resin tapping, bamboo shoot digging, root digging, bark stripping, and excessive pruning in violation of operational technical regulations.
25度以上的坡地应当用于植树、种草。25度以上的坡耕地应当按照当地人民政府制定的规划，逐步退耕，植树和种草。
Slopes with a gradient of 25 degrees or more shall be used for tree planting and grass planting. Farmland on slopes of 25 degrees or more shall be gradually returned to tree planting and grass planting according to the plan formulated by the local people's government.
发生森林火灾时，当地人民政府必须立即组织军民扑救；有关部门应当积极做好扑救火灾物资的供应、运输和通讯、医疗等工作。
When a forest fire occurs, the local people's government must immediately organize military and civilian forces to fight the fire; relevant departments shall actively ensure the supply, transportation, communication, and medical care of firefighting materials.
植树造林
Afforestation
森林法所称森林覆盖率，是指以行政区域为单位森林面积与土地面积的百分比。森林面积，包括郁闭度0.2以上的乔木林地面积和竹林地面积、国家特别规定的灌木林地面积、农田林网以及村旁、路旁、水旁、宅旁林木的覆盖面积。
The forest coverage rate referred to in the Forest Law means the percentage of forest area to land area within an administrative region. Forest area includes the area of arbor forests with a canopy density of 0.2 or more, bamboo forest areas, shrub forest areas specially designated by the state, farmland shelterbelts, and the coverage area of trees beside villages, roads, water bodies, and houses.
县级以上地方人民政府应当按照国务院确定的森林覆盖率奋斗目标，确定本行政区域森林覆盖率的奋斗目标，并组织实施。
The local people's government at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the forest coverage rate target determined by the State Council, determine the forest coverage rate target for its administrative region and organize its implementation.
植树造林应当遵守造林技术规程，实行科学造林，提高林木的成活率。
Afforestation shall comply with afforestation technical procedures, implement scientific afforestation, and improve the survival rate of trees.
县级人民政府对本行政区域内当年造林的情况应当组织检查验收，除国家特别规定的干旱、半干旱地区外，成活率不足85%的，不得计入年度造林完成面积。
The people's government at the county level shall organize inspection and acceptance of the afforestation situation in its administrative region for the current year. Except for arid and semi-arid areas specially stipulated by the state, if the survival rate is less than 85%, it shall not be counted in the annual afforestation completed area.
国家对造林绿化实行部门和单位负责制。
The state implements a system of departmental and unit responsibility for afforestation and greening.
铁路公路两旁、江河两岸、湖泊水库周围，各有关主管单位是造林绿化的责任单位。工矿区，机关、学校用地，部队营区以及农场、牧场、渔场经营地区，各该单位是造林绿化的责任单位。
Along both sides of railways and highways, both banks of rivers, and around lakes and reservoirs, the relevant competent units are the responsible units for afforestation and greening. In industrial and mining areas, land used by government organs and schools, military camps, and areas operated by farms, pastures, and fisheries, each such unit is the responsible unit for afforestation and greening.
责任单位的造林绿化任务，由所在地的县级人民政府下达责任通知书，予以确认。
The afforestation and greening tasks of the responsible units shall be confirmed by the people's government at the county level where the unit is located by issuing a responsibility notice.
国家保护承包造林者依法享有的林木所有权和其他合法权益。未经发包方和承包方协商一致，不得随意变更或者解除承包造林合同。
The state protects the lawful ownership of trees and other lawful rights and interests enjoyed by contracted afforestation parties. Without consensus between the party awarding the contract and the contractor, the afforestation contract shall not be arbitrarily modified or terminated.
森林采伐
Forest Harvesting
国家所有的森林和林木以国有林业企业事业单位、农场、厂矿为单位，集体所有的森林和林木、个人所有的林木以县为单位，制定年森林采伐限额，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门汇总、平衡，经本级人民政府审核后，报国务院批准；其中，重点林区的年森林采伐限额，由国务院林业主管部门报国务院批准。
For state-owned forests and trees, the annual forest cutting quota shall be formulated by state-owned forestry enterprises, institutions, farms, and factories and mines as units; for collectively owned forests and trees and individually owned trees, the annual forest cutting quota shall be formulated by the county as the unit. These quotas shall be summarized and balanced by the forestrycompetent authority of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, reviewed by the people's government at the same level, and submitted to the State Council for approval. Among them, the annual forest cutting quota for key forest areas shall be submitted by the forestry department of the State Council to the State Council for approval.
国务院批准的年森林采伐限额，每5年核定一次。
The annual forest cutting quota approved by the State Council shall be reviewed every five years.
采伐森林、林木作为商品销售的，必须纳入国家年度木材生产计划；但是，农村居民采伐自留山上个人所有的薪炭林和自留地、房前屋后个人所有的零星林木除外。
Harvesting forests and trees for commercial sale must be included in the national annual timber production plan; however, this does not apply to rural residents harvesting fuelwood forests individually owned on their own reserved hills and scattered trees individually owned on their own reserved land and around houses.
申请林木采伐许可证，除应当提交申请采伐林木的所有权证书或者使用权证书外，还应当按照下列规定提交其他有关证明文件：
To apply for a timber felling permit, in addition to submitting the ownership certificate or use right certificate of the forest to be felled, the following relevant supporting documents shall also be submitted according to the following provisions:
(一)国有林业企业事业单位还应当提交采伐区调查设计文件和上年度采伐更新验收证明；
(1) State-owned forestry enterprises and institutions shall also submit the survey and design documents of the felling area and the acceptance certificate of the previous year's felling and renewal;
(二)其他单位还应当提交包括采伐林木的目的、地点、林种、林况、面积、蓄积量、方式和更新措施等内容的文件；
(2) Other units shall also submit documents including the purpose, location, forest type, forest condition, area, volume, method, and renewal measures of the felling;
(三)个人还应当提交包括采伐林木的地点、面积、树种、株数、蓄积量、更新时间等内容的文件。
(3) Individuals shall also submit documents including the location, area, tree species, number of trees, volume, and renewal time of the felling.
因扑救森林火灾、防洪抢险等紧急情况需要采伐林木的，组织抢险的单位或者部门应当自紧急情况结束之日起30日内，将采伐林木的情况报告当地县级以上人民政府林业主管部门。
If timber felling is necessary due to emergencies such as forest fire fighting or flood control and rescue, the unit or department organizing the rescue shall report the felling situation to the local forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level within 30 days from the end of the emergency.
有下列情形之一的，不得核发林木采伐许可证：
A timber felling permit shall not be issued under any of the following circumstances:
(一)防护林和特种用途林进行非抚育或者非更新性质的采伐的，或者采伐封山育林期、封山育林区内的林木的；
(1) Felling of protection forests and special-purpose forests that is not for tending or renewal purposes, or felling of trees in closed forest areas or during the closed forest period;
(二)上年度采伐后未完成更新造林任务的；
(2) Failure to complete the renewal and afforestation task after felling in the previous year;
(三)上年度发生重大滥伐案件、森林火灾或者大面积严重森林病虫害，未采取预防和改进措施的。
(3) Occurrence of major illegal felling cases, forest fires, or large-scale severe forest pests in the previous year, and failure to take preventive and improvement measures.
林木采伐许可证的式样由国务院林业主管部门规定，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门印制。
The format of the timber felling permit shall be prescribed by the forestrycompetent authority of the State Council and printed by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
除森林法已有明确规定的外，林木采伐许可证按照下列规定权限核发：
Except as expressly provided in the Forest Law, timber cutting permits shall be issued according to the following authority:
(一)县属国有林场，由所在地的县级人民政府林业主管部门核发；
(1) For county-owned state forest farms, the permit shall be issued by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at the county level where the farm is located;
(二)省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州所属的国有林业企业事业单位、其他国有企业事业单位，由所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门核发；
(2) For state-owned forestry enterprises and institutions and other state-owned enterprises and institutions belonging to provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and cities with districts or autonomous prefectures, the permit shall be issued by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where they are located;
(三)重点林区的国有林业企业事业单位，由国务院林业主管部门核发。
(3) For state-owned forestry enterprises and institutions in key forest areas, the permit shall be issued by the forestrycompetent authority of the State Council.
利用外资营造的用材林达到一定规模需要采伐的，应当在国务院批准的年森林采伐限额内，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门批准，实行采伐限额单列。
If timber forests established with foreign investment reach a certain scale and need to be cut, the cutting shall be approved by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government within the annual forest cutting quota approved by the State Council, and a separate cutting quota shall be implemented.
木材收购单位和个人不得收购没有林木采伐许可证或者其他合法来源证明的木材。
Timber purchasing units and individuals shall not purchase timber without a timber cutting permit or other legally valid source certificates.
前款所称木材，是指原木、锯材、竹材、木片和省、自治区、直辖市规定的其他木材。
The term 'timber' in the preceding paragraph refers to logs, sawn timber, bamboo, wood chips, and other timber as specified by provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
从林区运出非国家统一调拨的木材，必须持有县级以上人民政府林业主管部门核发的木材运输证。
Timber transported out of forest areas that is not subject to unified state allocation must hold a timber transport certificate issued by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level.
重点林区的木材运输证，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门核发；其他木材运输证，由县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门核发。
Timber transport certificates for key forest areas shall be issued by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government; other timber transport certificates shall be issued by the forestrycompetent authority of the local people's government at or above the county level.
木材运输证自木材起运点到终点全程有效，必须随货同行。没有木材运输证的，承运单位和个人不得承运。
A timber transport certificate is valid for the entire journey from the starting point to the destination and must accompany the goods. Without a timber transport certificate, carriers and individuals shall not transport the timber.
木材运输证的式样由国务院林业主管部门规定。
The format of the timber transport permit shall be prescribed by the competent forestry department of the State Council.
申请木材运输证，应当提交下列证明文件：
To apply for a timber transport permit, the following supporting documents shall be submitted:
(一)林木采伐许可证或者其他合法来源证明；
(1) A forest tree felling permit or other legally sourced certification;
(二)检疫证明；
(2) A quarantine certificate;
(三)省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门规定的其他文件。
(3) Other documents as prescribed by the competent forestry department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government.
符合前款条件的，受理木材运输证申请的县级以上人民政府林业主管部门应当自接到申请之日起3日内发给木材运输证。
If the conditions in the preceding paragraph are met, the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level that accepts the application for a timber transport permit shall issue the timber transport permit within 3 days from the date of receiving the application.
依法发放的木材运输证所准运的木材运输总量，不得超过当地年度木材生产计划规定可以运出销售的木材总量。
The total volume of timber permitted for transport under a legally issued timber transport permit shall not exceed the total volume of timber that can be transported for sale as specified in the local annual timber production plan.
经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准在林区设立的木材检查站，负责检查木材运输；无证运输木材的，木材检查站应当予以制止，可以暂扣无证运输的木材，并立即报请县级以上人民政府林业主管部门依法处理。
Timber inspection stations established in forest areas with the approval of the people's government of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government are responsible for inspecting timber transport; if timber is transported without a permit, the timber inspection station shall stop it, may temporarily detain the timber transported without a permit, and immediately report to the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level for legal handling.
法律责任
Legal Liability
盗伐森林或者其他林木，以立木材积计算不足0.5立方米或者幼树不足20株的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令补种盗伐株数10倍的树木，没收盗伐的林木或者变卖所得，并处盗伐林木价值3倍至5倍的罚款。
If a person illegally fells forests or other trees, and the volume calculated by standing timber is less than 0.5 cubic meters or the number of saplings is less than 20, the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the person to replant 10 times the number of trees illegally felled, confiscate the illegally felled trees or the proceeds from their sale, and impose a fine of 3 to 5 times the value of the illegally felled trees.
盗伐森林或者其他林木，以立木材积计算0.5立方米以上或者幼树20株以上的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令补种盗伐株数10倍的树木，没收盗伐的林木或者变卖所得，并处盗伐林木价值5倍至10倍的罚款。
Whoever illegally fells forests or other trees, where the volume of standing timber is 0.5 cubic meters or more, or the number of saplings is 20 or more, shall be ordered by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level to replant 10 times the number of trees felled, confiscate the illegally felled trees or the proceeds from their sale, and impose a fine of 5 to 10 times the value of the illegally felled trees.
滥伐森林或者其他林木，以立木材积计算不足2立方米或者幼树不足50株的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令补种滥伐株数5倍的树木，并处滥伐林木价值2倍至3倍的罚款。
Whoever excessively fells forests or other trees, where the volume of standing timber is less than 2 cubic meters or the number of saplings is less than 50, shall be ordered by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level to replant 5 times the number of trees excessively felled, and impose a fine of 2 to 3 times the value of the excessively felled trees.
滥伐森林或者其他林木，以立木材积计算2立方米以上或者幼树50株以上的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令补种滥伐株数5倍的树木，并处滥伐林木价值3倍至5倍的罚款。
Whoever excessively fells forests or other trees, where the volume of standing timber is 2 cubic meters or more, or the number of saplings is 50 or more, shall be ordered by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level to replant 5 times the number of trees excessively felled, and impose a fine of 3 to 5 times the value of the excessively felled trees.
超过木材生产计划采伐森林或者其他林木的，依照前两款规定处罚。
Whoever fells forests or other trees in excess of the timber production plan shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.
违反本条例规定，收购没有林木采伐许可证或者其他合法来源证明的木材的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门没收非法经营的木材和违法所得，并处违法所得2倍以下的罚款。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, purchases timber without a timber felling permit or other legally valid source certificate shall have the illegally operated timber and illegal gains confiscated by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, and shall be imposed a fine of not more than 2 times the illegal gains.
违反本条例规定，毁林采种或者违反操作技术规程采脂、挖笋、掘根、剥树皮及过度修枝，致使森林、林木受到毁坏的，依法赔偿损失，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令停止违法行为，补种毁坏株数1倍至3倍的树木，可以处毁坏林木价值1倍至5倍的罚款；拒不补种树木或者补种不符合国家有关规定的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门组织代为补种，所需费用由违法者支付。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, destroys forests by collecting seeds or, in violation of operational technical regulations, collects resin, digs bamboo shoots, digs roots, strips bark, or excessively prunes branches, thereby causing damage to forests or trees, shall compensate for the losses according to law, be ordered by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, replant 1 to 3 times the number of trees damaged, and may be imposed a fine of 1 to 5 times the value of the damaged trees; if the person refuses to replant trees or the replanting does not comply with relevant state regulations, the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall organize the replanting on behalf of the violator, and the costs shall be borne by the violator.
违反森林法和本条例规定，擅自开垦林地，致使森林、林木受到毁坏的，依照森林法第四十四条的规定予以处罚；对森林、林木未造成毁坏或者被开垦的林地上没有森林、林木的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令停止违法行为，限期恢复原状，可以处非法开垦林地每平方米10元以下的罚款。
Whoever, in violation of the Forest Law and these Regulations, reclaims forestland without authorization, thereby causing damage to forests or trees, shall be punished in accordance with Article 44 of the Forest Law; if no damage is caused to forests or trees, or if there are no forests or trees on the reclaimed forestland, the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the cessation of the illegal act, require restoration to the original state within a specified period, and may impose a fine of not more than 10 yuan per square meter of the illegally reclaimed forestland.
有下列情形之一的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令限期完成造林任务；逾期未完成的，可以处应完成而未完成造林任务所需费用2倍以下的罚款；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予行政处分：
Under any of the following circumstances, the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the completion of the afforestation task within a specified period; if the task is not completed within the specified period, a fine of not more than 2 times the cost of the afforestation that should have been completed but was not may be imposed; and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions according to law:
(一)连续两年未完成更新造林任务的；
(1) Failing to complete the reforestation task for two consecutive years;
(二)当年更新造林面积未达到应更新造林面积50%的；
(2) The area of reforestation in the current year is less than 50% of the area that should have been reforested;
(三)除国家特别规定的干旱、半干旱地区外，更新造林当年成活率未达到85%的；
(3) Except in arid and semi-arid areas specially designated by the state, the survival rate of reforestation in the current year fails to reach 85%;
(四)植树造林责任单位未按照所在地县级人民政府的要求按时完成造林任务的。
(4) The responsible unit for afforestation fails to complete the afforestation task on time as required by the local county-level people's government.
未经县级以上人民政府林业主管部门审核同意，擅自改变林地用途的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令限期恢复原状，并处非法改变用途林地每平方米10元至30元的罚款。
Whoever changes the use of forest land without the review and approval of the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level shall be ordered by the said department to restore the original state within a time limit and shall be fined 10 to 30 yuan per square meter of the forest land whose use has been illegally changed.
临时占用林地，逾期不归还的，依照前款规定处罚。
If temporary occupation of forest land is not returned upon expiry, the penalty shall be imposed in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
无木材运输证运输木材的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门没收非法运输的木材，对货主可以并处非法运输木材价款30%以下的罚款。
Whoever transports timber without a timber transport certificate shall have the illegally transported timber confiscated by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level, and may also be fined not more than 30% of the value of the illegally transported timber.
运输的木材数量超出木材运输证所准运的运输数量的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门没收超出部分的木材；运输的木材树种、材种、规格与木材运输证规定不符又无正当理由的，没收其不相符部分的木材。
If the quantity of timber transported exceeds the quantity permitted by the timber transport certificate, the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level shall confiscate the excess timber; if the tree species, timber type, or specifications of the transported timber do not match those stated in the timber transport certificate without justifiable reasons, the non-conforming timber shall be confiscated.
使用伪造、涂改的木材运输证运输木材的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门没收非法运输的木材，并处没收木材价款10%至50%的罚款。
Whoever uses a forged or altered timber transport certificate to transport timber shall have the illegally transported timber confiscated by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level and shall be fined 10% to 50% of the value of the confiscated timber.
承运无木材运输证的木材的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门没收运费，并处运费1倍至3倍的罚款。
Whoever carries timber without a timber transport certificate shall have the freight charges confiscated by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level and shall be fined 1 to 3 times the freight charges.
擅自移动或者毁坏林业服务标志的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门责令限期恢复原状；逾期不恢复原状的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门代为恢复，所需费用由违法者支付。
Whoever, without authorization, moves or damages forestry service signs shall be ordered by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level to restore them to their original state within a time limit; if restoration is not made within the time limit, the said department shall restore them on behalf of the violator, and the costs shall be borne by the violator.
违反本条例规定，未经批准，擅自将防护林和特种用途林改变为其他林种的，由县级以上人民政府林业主管部门收回经营者所获取的森林生态效益补偿，并处所获取森林生态效益补偿3倍以下的罚款。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, changes shelter forests or special-purpose forests into other forest types without approval shall have the forest ecological benefit compensation obtained by the operator recovered by the forestrycompetent authority of the people's government at or above the county level and shall be fined not more than 3 times the amount of the forest ecological benefit compensation obtained.
附则
Supplementary Provisions
本条例中县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门职责权限的划分，由国务院林业主管部门具体规定。
The division of responsibilities and powers of the competent forestry authorities of local people's governments at or above the county level as provided in these Regulations shall be specifically stipulated by the competent forestry authority of the State Council.
本条例自发布之日起施行。1986年4月28日国务院批准、1986年5月10日林业部发布的《中华人民共和国森林法实施细则》同时废止。
These Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China, approved by the State Council on April 28, 1986, and promulgated by the Ministry of Forestry on May 10, 1986, shall be simultaneously repealed.