KYB CHINA(2013年7月24日国务院第18次常务会议通过 2013年8月17日中华人民共和国国务院令第639号公布 自2014年1月1日起施行)
(Adopted at the 18th Executive Meeting of the State Council on July 24, 2013, promulgated by Order No. 639 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on August 17, 2013, and effective as of January 1, 2014)
总则
General Provisions
为了加强铁路安全管理，保障铁路运输安全和畅通，保护人身安全和财产安全，制定本条例。
These Regulations are formulated to strengthen railway safety management, ensure the safety and smoothness of railway transport, and protect personal safety and property safety.
铁路安全管理坚持安全第一、预防为主、综合治理的方针。
Railway safety management shall adhere to the principles of safety first, prevention-oriented, and comprehensive management.
国务院铁路行业监督管理部门负责全国铁路安全监督管理工作，国务院铁路行业监督管理部门设立的铁路监督管理机构负责辖区内的铁路安全监督管理工作。国务院铁路行业监督管理部门和铁路监督管理机构统称铁路监管部门。
The railway industry regulatory department of the State Council is responsible for the supervision and management of railway safety nationwide, and the railway supervision and management institutions established by the railway industry regulatory department of the State Council are responsible for the supervision and management of railway safety within their respective jurisdictions. The railway industry regulatory department of the State Council and the railway supervision and management institutions are collectively referred to as railway regulatory authorities.
国务院有关部门依照法律和国务院规定的职责，负责铁路安全管理的有关工作。
The relevant departments of the State Council shall, in accordance with the law and the duties prescribed by the State Council, be responsible for the relevant work of railway safety management.
铁路沿线地方各级人民政府和县级以上地方人民政府有关部门应当按照各自职责，加强保障铁路安全的教育，落实护路联防责任制，防范和制止危害铁路安全的行为，协调和处理保障铁路安全的有关事项，做好保障铁路安全的有关工作。
Local people's governments at all levels along the railway and the relevant departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with their respective duties, strengthen education on ensuring railway safety, implement the responsibility system for joint protection of railway lines, prevent and stop acts that endanger railway safety, coordinate and handle matters related to ensuring railway safety, and do a good job in the relevant work of ensuring railway safety.
从事铁路建设、运输、设备制造维修的单位应当加强安全管理，建立健全安全生产管理制度，落实企业安全生产主体责任，设置安全管理机构或者配备安全管理人员，执行保障生产安全和产品质量安全的国家标准、行业标准，加强对从业人员的安全教育培训，保证安全生产所必需的资金投入。
Units engaged in railway construction, transport, and equipment manufacturing and maintenance shall strengthen safety management, establish and improve the safety production management system, implement the main responsibility of the enterprise for safety production, set up safety management institutions or equip safety management personnel, implement national standards and industry standards for ensuring production safety and product quality safety, strengthen safety education and training for employees, and ensure the necessary capital investment for safety production.
铁路建设、运输、设备制造维修单位的工作人员应当严格执行规章制度，实行标准化作业，保证铁路安全。
Employees of railway construction, transport, and equipment manufacturing and maintenance units shall strictly implement rules and regulations, carry out standardized operations, and ensure railway safety.
铁路监管部门、铁路运输企业等单位应当按照国家有关规定制定突发事件应急预案，并组织应急演练。
Railway regulatory authorities, railway transport enterprises, and other units shall, in accordance with relevant state regulations, formulate emergency response plans for emergencies and organize emergency drills.
禁止扰乱铁路建设、运输秩序。禁止损坏或者非法占用铁路设施设备、铁路标志和铁路用地。
It is prohibited to disrupt the order of railway construction and transport. It is prohibited to damage or illegally occupy railway facilities and equipment, railway signs, and railway land.
任何单位或者个人发现损坏或者非法占用铁路设施设备、铁路标志、铁路用地以及其他影响铁路安全的行为，有权报告铁路运输企业，或者向铁路监管部门、公安机关或者其他有关部门举报。接到报告的铁路运输企业、接到举报的部门应当根据各自职责及时处理。
Any unit or individual that discovers acts of damaging or illegally occupying railway facilities and equipment, railway signs, railway land, or other acts affecting railway safety has the right to report to the railway transport enterprise, or to report to the railway regulatory authority, public security organ, or other relevant departments. The railway transport enterprise that receives the report and the department that receives the report shall handle the matter promptly in accordance with their respective duties.
对维护铁路安全作出突出贡献的单位或者个人，按照国家有关规定给予表彰奖励。
Units or individuals that have made outstanding contributions to maintaining railway safety shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant state regulations.
铁路建设质量安全
Quality Safety of Railway Construction
铁路建设工程的勘察、设计、施工、监理以及建设物资、设备的采购，应当依法进行招标。
The survey, design, construction, supervision, and procurement of construction materials and equipment for railway construction projects shall be conducted through bidding in accordance with the law.
从事铁路建设工程勘察、设计、施工、监理活动的单位应当依法取得相应资质，并在其资质等级许可的范围内从事铁路工程建设活动。
Units engaged in survey, design, construction, and supervision activities for railway construction projects shall obtain corresponding qualifications in accordance with the law and engage in railway construction activities within the scope permitted by their qualification grades.
铁路建设单位应当选择具备相应资质等级的勘察、设计、施工、监理单位进行工程建设，并对建设工程的质量安全进行监督检查，制作检查记录留存备查。
Railway construction units shall select survey, design, construction, and supervision units with corresponding qualification grades for project construction, and shall supervise and inspect the quality and safety of the construction project, and make inspection records for future reference.
铁路建设工程的勘察、设计、施工、监理应当遵守法律、行政法规关于建设工程质量和安全管理的规定，执行国家标准、行业标准和技术规范。
The survey, design, construction, and supervision of railway construction projects shall comply with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations on the quality and safety management of construction projects, and implement national standards, industry standards, and technical specifications.
铁路建设工程的勘察、设计、施工单位依法对勘察、设计、施工的质量负责，监理单位依法对施工质量承担监理责任。
The survey, design, and construction units of railway construction projects shall be responsible for the quality of survey, design, and construction in accordance with the law, and the supervision unit shall bear supervision responsibility for the construction quality in accordance with the law.
高速铁路和地质构造复杂的铁路建设工程实行工程地质勘察监理制度。
For high-speed railways and railway construction projects with complex geological structures, a system of engineering geological survey supervision shall be implemented.
铁路建设工程的安全设施应当与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入使用。安全设施投资应当纳入建设项目概算。
The safety facilities of railway construction projects shall be designed, constructed, and put into use simultaneously with the main project. The investment in safety facilities shall be included in the project budget.
铁路建设工程使用的材料、构件、设备等产品，应当符合有关产品质量的强制性国家标准、行业标准。
Materials, components, equipment, and other products used in railway construction projects shall comply with the mandatory national standards and industry standards for product quality.
铁路建设工程的建设工期，应当根据工程地质条件、技术复杂程度等因素，按照国家标准、行业标准和技术规范合理确定、调整。
The construction period of a railway construction project shall be reasonably determined and adjusted based on factors such as the engineering geological conditions and the degree of technical complexity, in accordance with national standards, industry standards, and technical specifications.
任何单位和个人不得违反前款规定要求铁路建设、设计、施工单位压缩建设工期。
No unit or individual may require railway construction, design, or construction units to shorten the construction period in violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
铁路建设工程竣工，应当按照国家有关规定组织验收，并由铁路运输企业进行运营安全评估。经验收、评估合格，符合运营安全要求的，方可投入运营。
Upon completion of a railway construction project, it shall be organized for acceptance inspection in accordance with relevant state regulations, and the railway transport enterprise shall conduct an operational safety assessment. Only after passing the acceptance inspection and assessment and meeting the operational safety requirements may it be put into operation.
在铁路线路及其邻近区域进行铁路建设工程施工，应当执行铁路营业线施工安全管理规定。铁路建设单位应当会同相关铁路运输企业和工程设计、施工单位制定安全施工方案，按照方案进行施工。施工完毕应当及时清理现场，不得影响铁路运营安全。
When carrying out railway construction project construction in railway lines and adjacent areas, the safety management regulations for construction on operating railway lines shall be implemented. The railway construction unit shall, together with the relevant railway transport enterprise and the engineering design and construction units, formulate a safety construction plan and carry out construction in accordance with the plan. After construction, the site shall be promptly cleaned up, and the safety of railway operations shall not be affected.
新建、改建设计开行时速120公里以上列车的铁路或者设计运输量达到国务院铁路行业监督管理部门规定的较大运输量标准的铁路，需要与道路交叉的，应当设置立体交叉设施。
For newly built or reconstructed railways designed to operate trains at speeds of 120 km/h or above, or railways with a design transport volume reaching the relatively large transport volume standard prescribed by the railway industry regulatory department of the State Council, if they need to intersect with roads, grade-separated crossing facilities shall be installed.
新建、改建高速公路、一级公路或者城市道路中的快速路，需要与铁路交叉的，应当设置立体交叉设施，并优先选择下穿铁路的方案。
For newly built or reconstructed expressways, Class I highways, or express roads in urban roads, if they need to intersect with railways, grade-separated crossing facilities shall be installed, and the plan of underpassing the railway shall be given priority.
已建成的属于前两款规定情形的铁路、道路为平面交叉的，应当逐步改造为立体交叉。
For existing railways and roads that fall under the circumstances of the preceding two paragraphs and are at-grade crossings, they shall be gradually converted to grade-separated crossings.
新建、改建高速铁路需要与普通铁路、道路、渡槽、管线等设施交叉的，应当优先选择高速铁路上跨方案。
For newly built or reconstructed high-speed railways that need to intersect with ordinary railways, roads, aqueducts, pipelines, and other facilities, the plan of overpassing by the high-speed railway shall be given priority.
设置铁路与道路立体交叉设施及其附属安全设施所需费用的承担，按照下列原则确定：
The allocation of costs for installing grade-separated crossing facilities and their ancillary safety facilities between railways and roads shall be determined according to the following principles:
(一)新建、改建铁路与既有道路交叉的，由铁路方承担建设费用；道路方要求超过既有道路建设标准建设所增加的费用，由道路方承担；
(1) For newly built or reconstructed railways intersecting with existing roads, the railway party shall bear the construction costs; if the road party requires construction exceeding the existing road construction standards, the additional costs shall be borne by the road party;
(二)新建、改建道路与既有铁路交叉的，由道路方承担建设费用；铁路方要求超过既有铁路线路建设标准建设所增加的费用，由铁路方承担；
(2) For newly built or reconstructed roads intersecting with existing railways, the road party shall bear the construction costs; if the railway party requires construction exceeding the existing railway line construction standards, the additional costs shall be borne by the railway party;
(三)同步建设的铁路和道路需要设置立体交叉设施以及既有铁路道口改造为立体交叉的，由铁路方和道路方按照公平合理的原则分担建设费用。
(3) For simultaneously constructed railways and roads that need to install grade-separated crossing facilities, and for conversion of existing railway level crossings to grade-separated crossings, the construction costs shall be shared by the railway party and the road party according to the principle of fairness and reasonableness.
铁路与道路立体交叉设施及其附属安全设施竣工验收合格后，应当按照国家有关规定移交有关单位管理、维护。
After the completion and acceptance inspection of grade-separated crossing facilities and their ancillary safety facilities between railways and roads, they shall be handed over to relevant units for management and maintenance in accordance with relevant state regulations.
专用铁路、铁路专用线需要与公用铁路网接轨的，应当符合国家有关铁路建设、运输的安全管理规定。
If a dedicated railway or railway siding needs to be connected to the public railway network, it shall comply with the relevant state safety management regulations on railway construction and transport.
铁路专用设备质量安全
Quality Safety of Railway Special Equipment
设计、制造、维修或者进口新型铁路机车车辆，应当符合国家标准、行业标准，并分别向国务院铁路行业监督管理部门申请领取型号合格证、制造许可证、维修许可证或者进口许可证，具体办法由国务院铁路行业监督管理部门制定。
The design, manufacture, maintenance, or import of new types of railway rolling stock shall comply with national standards and industry standards, and shall apply to the railway industry regulatory department of the State Council for a type approval certificate, manufacturing license, maintenance license, or import license respectively. The specific measures shall be formulated by the railway industry regulatory department of the State Council.
铁路机车车辆的制造、维修、使用单位应当遵守有关产品质量的法律、行政法规以及国家其他有关规定，确保投入使用的机车车辆符合安全运营要求。
Manufacturing, maintenance, and use units of railway rolling stock shall comply with laws, administrative regulations, and other relevant state provisions on product quality, ensuring that the rolling stock put into use meets the requirements for safe operation.
生产铁路道岔及其转辙设备、铁路信号控制软件和控制设备、铁路通信设备、铁路牵引供电设备的企业，应当符合下列条件并经国务院铁路行业监督管理部门依法审查批准：
Enterprises that produce railway switches and their switching equipment, railway signal control software and control equipment, railway communication equipment, and railway traction power supply equipment shall meet the following conditions and be approved by the railway industry regulatory department of the State Council after examination:
(一)有按照国家标准、行业标准检测、检验合格的专业生产设备；
(1) Having specialized production equipment that has been tested and inspected in accordance with national standards and industry standards;
(二)有相应的专业技术人员；
(2) Having corresponding professional and technical personnel;
(三)有完善的产品质量保证体系和安全管理制度；
(3) Having a complete product quality assurance system and safety management system;
(四)法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。
(4) Other conditions prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.
铁路机车车辆以外的直接影响铁路运输安全的铁路专用设备，依法应当进行产品认证的，经认证合格方可出厂、销售、进口、使用。
For railway special equipment other than railway rolling stock that directly affects the safety of railway transport, if product certification is required by law, it may only be delivered from the factory, sold, imported, or used after passing certification.
用于危险化学品和放射性物品运输的铁路罐车、专用车辆以及其他容器的生产和检测、检验，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定执行。
The production, testing, and inspection of railway tank cars, special vehicles, and other containers used for the transport of dangerous chemicals and radioactive materials shall be carried out in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations.
用于铁路运输的安全检测、监控、防护设施设备，集装箱和集装化用具等运输器具，专用装卸机械、索具、篷布、装载加固材料或者装置，以及运输包装、货物装载加固等，应当符合国家标准、行业标准和技术规范。
Safety detection, monitoring, and protection facilities and equipment used for railway transport, containers and containerized appliances and other transport implements, special loading and unloading machinery, slings, tarpaulins, loading reinforcement materials or devices, as well as transport packaging and cargo loading reinforcement, shall comply with national standards, industry standards, and technical specifications.
铁路机车车辆以及其他铁路专用设备存在缺陷，即由于设计、制造、标识等原因导致同一批次、型号或者类别的铁路专用设备普遍存在不符合保障人身、财产安全的国家标准、行业标准的情形或者其他危及人身、财产安全的不合理危险的，应当立即停止生产、销售、进口、使用；设备制造者应当召回缺陷产品，采取措施消除缺陷。具体办法由国务院铁路行业监督管理部门制定。
If railway rolling stock or other railway special equipment has defects, that is, due to design, manufacturing, labeling, or other reasons, the same batch, model, or category of railway special equipment generally fails to meet the national standards or industry standards for ensuring personal and property safety, or has other unreasonable risks endangering personal and property safety, the production, sale, import, and use shall be immediately stopped; the equipment manufacturer shall recall the defective products and take measures to eliminate the defects. The specific measures shall be formulated by the railway industry regulatory department of the State Council.
铁路线路安全
Railway Line Safety
铁路线路两侧应当设立铁路线路安全保护区。铁路线路安全保护区的范围，从铁路线路路堤坡脚、路堑坡顶或者铁路桥梁(含铁路、道路两用桥，下同)外侧起向外的距离分别为：
Railway line safety protection zones shall be established on both sides of railway lines. The scope of the railway line safety protection zone, measured outward from the toe of the railway embankment slope, the top of the cutting slope, or the outer side of the railway bridge (including combined road-rail bridges, hereinafter the same), shall be respectively:
(一)城市市区高速铁路为10米，其他铁路为8米；
(1) For high-speed railways in urban areas, 10 meters; for other railways, 8 meters;
(二)城市郊区居民居住区高速铁路为12米，其他铁路为10米；
(2) For high-speed railways in suburban residential areas, 12 meters; for other railways, 10 meters;
(三)村镇居民居住区高速铁路为15米，其他铁路为12米；
(3) For high-speed railways in village and town residential areas, 15 meters; for other railways, 12 meters;
(四)其他地区高速铁路为20米，其他铁路为15米。
(4) For high-speed railways in other areas, 20 meters; for other railways, 15 meters.
前款规定距离不能满足铁路运输安全保护需要的，由铁路建设单位或者铁路运输企业提出方案，铁路监督管理机构或者县级以上地方人民政府依照本条第三款规定程序划定。
If the distances specified in the preceding paragraph cannot meet the safety protection needs of railway transport, the railway construction unit or railway transport enterprise shall propose a plan, and the railway supervision and management institution or the local people's government at or above the county level shall delimit the area in accordance with the procedures specified in paragraph 3 of this article.
在铁路用地范围内划定铁路线路安全保护区的，由铁路监督管理机构组织铁路建设单位或者铁路运输企业划定并公告。在铁路用地范围外划定铁路线路安全保护区的，由县级以上地方人民政府根据保障铁路运输安全和节约用地的原则，组织有关铁路监督管理机构、县级以上地方人民政府国土资源等部门划定并公告。
If the railway line safety protection zone is delimited within the railway land area, the railway supervision and management institution shall organize the railway construction unit or railway transport enterprise to delimit and announce it. If the railway line safety protection zone is delimited outside the railway land area, the local people's government at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the principles of ensuring railway transport safety and saving land, organize the relevant railway supervision and management institution and the land and resources departments of the local people's government at or above the county level to delimit and announce it.
铁路线路安全保护区与公路建筑控制区、河道管理范围、水利工程管理和保护范围、航道保护范围或者石油、电力以及其他重要设施保护区重叠的，由县级以上地方人民政府组织有关部门依照法律、行政法规的规定协商划定并公告。
If the railway line safety protection zone overlaps with highway building control areas, river management scope, water conservancy project management and protection scope,waterway protection scope, or petroleum, electric power, or other important facility protection zones, the local people's government at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments to negotiate and delimit the area in accordance with laws and administrative regulations and announce it.
新建、改建铁路的铁路线路安全保护区范围，应当自铁路建设工程初步设计批准之日起30日内，由县级以上地方人民政府依照本条例的规定划定并公告。铁路建设单位或者铁路运输企业应当根据工程竣工资料进行勘界，绘制铁路线路安全保护区平面图，并根据平面图设立标桩。
For newly built or reconstructed railways, the scope of the railway line safety protection zone shall be delimited and announced by the local people's government at or above the county level within 30 days from the date of approval of the preliminary design of the railway construction project in accordance with the provisions of these regulations. The railway construction unit or railway transport enterprise shall conduct boundary survey based on the project completion data, draw a plan of the railway line safety protection zone, and set up boundary markers based on the plan.
设计开行时速120公里以上列车的铁路应当实行全封闭管理。铁路建设单位或者铁路运输企业应当按照国务院铁路行业监督管理部门的规定在铁路用地范围内设置封闭设施和警示标志。
Railways designed for trains operating at speeds of 120 km/h or above shall implement fullclosed management. The railway construction unit or railway transport enterprise shall, in accordance with the provisions of the railway industry supervision and management department of the State Council, set upclosed facilities and warning signs within the railway land area.
禁止在铁路线路安全保护区内烧荒、放养牲畜、种植影响铁路线路安全和行车瞭望的树木等植物。
It is prohibited to burn grass, graze livestock, or plant trees or other plants that affect railway line safety or train sighting within the railway line safety protection zone.
禁止向铁路线路安全保护区排污、倾倒垃圾以及其他危害铁路安全的物质。
It is prohibited to discharge sewage, dump garbage, or other substances hazardous to railway safety into the railway line safety protection zone.
在铁路线路安全保护区内建造建筑物、构筑物等设施，取土、挖砂、挖沟、采空作业或者堆放、悬挂物品，应当征得铁路运输企业同意并签订安全协议，遵守保证铁路安全的国家标准、行业标准和施工安全规范，采取措施防止影响铁路运输安全。铁路运输企业应当派员对施工现场实行安全监督。
To construct buildings or structures, extract soil, dig sand, dig ditches, conduct mining operations, or stack or hang items within the railway line safety protection zone, consent from the railway transport enterprise must be obtained and a safety agreement signed, complying with national standards, industry standards, and construction safety specifications that ensure railway safety, and measures shall be taken to prevent affecting railway transport safety. The railway transport enterprise shall dispatch personnel to conduct safety supervision at the construction site.
铁路线路安全保护区内既有的建筑物、构筑物危及铁路运输安全的，应当采取必要的安全防护措施；采取安全防护措施后仍不能保证安全的，依照有关法律的规定拆除。
If existing buildings or structures within the railway line safety protection zone endanger railway transport safety, necessary safety protection measures shall be taken; if safety cannot be ensured after taking safety protection measures, they shall be demolished in accordance with relevant laws.
拆除铁路线路安全保护区内的建筑物、构筑物，清理铁路线路安全保护区内的植物，或者对他人在铁路线路安全保护区内已依法取得的采矿权等合法权利予以限制，给他人造成损失的，应当依法给予补偿或者采取必要的补救措施。但是，拆除非法建设的建筑物、构筑物的除外。
If demolition of buildings or structures within the railway line safety protection zone, clearing of plants within the railway line safety protection zone, or restriction of others' legally obtained mining rights or other lawful rights within the railway line safety protection zone causes losses to others, compensation shall be given or necessary remedial measures shall be taken in accordance with the law. However, this does not apply to the demolition of illegally constructed buildings or structures.
在铁路线路安全保护区及其邻近区域建造或者设置的建筑物、构筑物、设备等，不得进入国家规定的铁路建筑限界。
Buildings, structures, equipment, etc., constructed or installed within or adjacent to the railway line safety protection zone shall not enter the national railway construction clearance.
在铁路线路两侧建造、设立生产、加工、储存或者销售易燃、易爆或者放射性物品等危险物品的场所、仓库，应当符合国家标准、行业标准规定的安全防护距离。
The construction or establishment of places or warehouses for producing, processing, storing, or selling dangerous goods such as flammable, explosive, or radioactive items on both sides of the railway line shall comply with the safety protection distances specified in national standards and industry standards.
在铁路线路两侧从事采矿、采石或者爆破作业，应当遵守有关采矿和民用爆破的法律法规，符合国家标准、行业标准和铁路安全保护要求。
Mining, quarrying, or blasting operations on both sides of the railway line shall comply with relevant laws and regulations on mining and civil blasting, and meet national standards, industry standards, and railway safety protection requirements.
在铁路线路路堤坡脚、路堑坡顶、铁路桥梁外侧起向外各1000米范围内，以及在铁路隧道上方中心线两侧各1000米范围内，确需从事露天采矿、采石或者爆破作业的，应当与铁路运输企业协商一致，依照有关法律法规的规定报县级以上地方人民政府有关部门批准，采取安全防护措施后方可进行。
Within 1,000 meters outward from the toe of the railway embankment, the top of the cutting slope, or the outer side of the railway bridge, and within 1,000 meters on each side of the centerline above the railway tunnel, if open-pit mining, quarrying, or blasting operations are indeed necessary, they shall be agreed upon with the railway transport enterprise, approved by the relevant department of the local people's government at or above the county level in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and safety protection measures shall be taken before proceeding.
高速铁路线路路堤坡脚、路堑坡顶或者铁路桥梁外侧起向外各200米范围内禁止抽取地下水。
Within 200 meters outward from the toe of the high-speed railway embankment, the top of the cutting slope, or the outer side of the railway bridge, groundwater extraction is prohibited.
在前款规定范围外，高速铁路线路经过的区域属于地面沉降区域，抽取地下水危及高速铁路安全的，应当设置地下水禁止开采区或者限制开采区，具体范围由铁路监督管理机构会同县级以上地方人民政府水行政主管部门提出方案，报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准并公告。
Outside the scope specified in the preceding paragraph, if the area through which the high-speed railway passes is a land subsidence area and groundwater extraction endangers high-speed railway safety, a groundwater extraction prohibition zone or restriction zone shall be established. The specific scope shall be proposed by the railway supervision and management institution together with the water administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level, reported to the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government for approval and announcement.
在电气化铁路附近从事排放粉尘、烟尘及腐蚀性气体的生产活动，超过国家规定的排放标准，危及铁路运输安全的，由县级以上地方人民政府有关部门依法责令整改，消除安全隐患。
If production activities near electrified railways that emit dust, smoke, or corrosive gases exceed national emission standards and endanger railway transport safety, the relevant department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order rectification in accordance with the law to eliminate safety hazards.
任何单位和个人不得擅自在铁路桥梁跨越处河道上下游各1000米范围内围垦造田、拦河筑坝、架设浮桥或者修建其他影响铁路桥梁安全的设施。
No unit or individual may, without authorization, reclaim land, build dams, erect floating bridges, or construct other facilities affecting railway bridge safety within 1,000 meters upstream and downstream of the river crossing where the railway bridge is located.
因特殊原因确需在前款规定的范围内进行围垦造田、拦河筑坝、架设浮桥等活动的，应当进行安全论证，负责审批的机关在批准前应当征求有关铁路运输企业的意见。
If it is indeed necessary to carry out activities such as land reclamation, dam building, or floating bridge erection within the scope specified in the preceding paragraph due to special reasons, a safety assessment shall be conducted, and the approving authority shall seek the opinion of the relevant railway transport enterprise before approval.
禁止在铁路桥梁跨越处河道上下游的下列范围内采砂、淘金：
It is prohibited to extract sand or pan for gold within the following scopes upstream and downstream of the river crossing where the railway bridge is located:
(一)跨河桥长500米以上的铁路桥梁，河道上游500米，下游3000米；
(1) For railway bridges with a span length of 500 meters or more, 500 meters upstream and 3,000 meters downstream;
(二)跨河桥长100米以上不足500米的铁路桥梁，河道上游500米，下游2000米；
(2) For railway bridges with a span length of 100 meters or more but less than 500 meters, 500 meters upstream and 2,000 meters downstream;
(三)跨河桥长不足100米的铁路桥梁，河道上游500米，下游1000米。
(3) For railway bridges with a span length of less than 100 meters, 500 meters upstream and 1,000 meters downstream.
有关部门依法在铁路桥梁跨越处河道上下游划定的禁采范围大于前款规定的禁采范围的，按照划定的禁采范围执行。
If the prohibition scope delimited by the relevant department in accordance with the law upstream and downstream of the river crossing where the railway bridge is located is larger than the prohibition scope specified in the preceding paragraph, the delimited prohibition scope shall prevail.
县级以上地方人民政府水行政主管部门、国土资源主管部门应当按照各自职责划定禁采区域、设置禁采标志，制止非法采砂、淘金行为。
The water administrative department and the land and resources department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, delimit the prohibition area, set up prohibition signs, and stop illegal sand extraction and gold panning activities.
在铁路桥梁跨越处河道上下游各500米范围内进行疏浚作业，应当进行安全技术评价，有关河道、航道管理部门应当征求铁路运输企业的意见，确认安全或者采取安全技术措施后，方可批准进行疏浚作业。但是，依法进行河道、航道日常养护、疏浚作业的除外。
Dredging operations within 500 meters upstream and downstream of the river crossing where the railway bridge is located shall undergo a safety technical assessment. The relevant river andwaterway management departments shall seek the opinion of the railway transport enterprise and may only approve the dredging operation after confirming safety or taking safety technical measures. However, this does not apply to routine maintenance and dredging operations of rivers andwaterway conducted in accordance with the law.
铁路、道路两用桥由所在地铁路运输企业和道路管理部门或者道路经营企业定期检查、共同维护，保证桥梁处于安全的技术状态。
Railway-road dual-use bridges shall be regularly inspected and jointly maintained by the local railway transport enterprise and the road management department or road operating enterprise to ensure the bridge is in a safe technical condition.
铁路、道路两用桥的墩、梁等共用部分的检测、维修由铁路运输企业和道路管理部门或者道路经营企业共同负责，所需费用按照公平合理的原则分担。
The inspection and repair of shared parts such as piers and beams of railway-road dual-use bridges shall be jointly responsible by the railway transport enterprise and the road management department or road operating enterprise, with costs shared according to the principle of fairness and reasonableness.
铁路的重要桥梁和隧道按照国家有关规定由中国人民武装警察部队负责守卫。
Important railway bridges and tunnels shall be guarded by the Chinese People's Armed Police Force in accordance with relevant state regulations.
船舶通过铁路桥梁应当符合桥梁的通航净空高度并遵守航行规则。
Ships passing through railway bridges shall comply with the bridge's navigable clearance height and observe navigation rules.
桥区航标中的桥梁航标、桥柱标、桥梁水尺标由铁路运输企业负责设置、维护，水面航标由铁路运输企业负责设置，航道管理部门负责维护。
Among the bridge area navigation marks, bridge navigation marks, bridge pier marks, and bridge water gauge marks shall be installed and maintained by the railway transport enterprise; surface navigation marks shall be installed by the railway transport enterprise and maintained by thewaterway management department.
下穿铁路桥梁、涵洞的道路应当按照国家标准设置车辆通过限高、限宽标志和限高防护架。城市道路的限高、限宽标志由当地人民政府指定的部门设置并维护，公路的限高、限宽标志由公路管理部门设置并维护。限高防护架在铁路桥梁、涵洞、道路建设时设置，由铁路运输企业负责维护。
Roads passing under railway bridges or culverts shall be equipped with vehicle height and width limit signs and height limit protection frames in accordance with national standards. Height and width limit signs for urban roads shall be installed and maintained by the department designated by the local people's government; for highways, they shall be installed and maintained by the highway management department. Height limit protection frames shall be installed during the construction of railway bridges, culverts, and roads, and maintained by the railway transport enterprise.
机动车通过下穿铁路桥梁、涵洞的道路，应当遵守限高、限宽规定。
Motor vehicles passing through roads under railway bridges or culverts shall comply with height and width limit regulations.
下穿铁路涵洞的管理单位负责涵洞的日常管理、维护，防止淤塞、积水。
The management unit of the under-railway culvert shall be responsible for the daily management and maintenance of the culvert to prevent silting and water accumulation.
铁路线路安全保护区内的道路和铁路线路路堑上的道路、跨越铁路线路的道路桥梁，应当按照国家有关规定设置防止车辆以及其他物体进入、坠入铁路线路的安全防护设施和警示标志，并由道路管理部门或者道路经营企业维护、管理。
Roads within the railway line safety protection zone, roads on railway cuttings, and road bridges crossing railway lines shall be equipped with safety protection facilities and warning signs to prevent vehicles and other objects from entering or falling onto the railway line in accordance with relevant state regulations, and shall be maintained and managed by the road management department or road operating enterprise.
架设、铺设铁路信号和通信线路、杆塔应当符合国家标准、行业标准和铁路安全防护要求。铁路运输企业、为铁路运输提供服务的电信企业应当加强对铁路信号和通信线路、杆塔的维护和管理。
The erection and laying of railway signal and communication lines and poles shall comply with national standards, industry standards, and railway safety protection requirements. The railway transport enterprise and the telecommunications enterprise providing services for railway transport shall strengthen the maintenance and management of railway signal and communication lines and poles.
设置或者拓宽铁路道口、铁路人行过道，应当征得铁路运输企业的同意。
The installation or widening of railway crossings and pedestrian crossings shall obtain the consent of the railway transport enterprise.
铁路与道路交叉的无人看守道口应当按照国家标准设置警示标志；有人看守道口应当设置移动栏杆、列车接近报警装置、警示灯、警示标志、铁路道口路段标线等安全防护设施。
Unmanned guarded crossings at railway-road intersections shall be equipped with warning signs in accordance with national standards; manned guarded crossings shall be equipped with safety protection facilities such as movable barriers, train approach warning devices, warning lights, warning signs, and railway crossing road markings.
道口移动栏杆、列车接近报警装置、警示灯等安全防护设施由铁路运输企业设置、维护；警示标志、铁路道口路段标线由铁路道口所在地的道路管理部门设置、维护。
Safety protection facilities such as movable barriers, train approach warning devices, and warning lights at crossings shall be installed and maintained by the railway transport enterprise; warning signs and railway crossing road markings shall be installed and maintained by the road management department at the location of the railway crossing.
机动车或者非机动车在铁路道口内发生故障或者装载物掉落的，应当立即将故障车辆或者掉落的装载物移至铁路道口停止线以外或者铁路线路最外侧钢轨5米以外的安全地点。无法立即移至安全地点的，应当立即报告铁路道口看守人员；在无人看守道口，应当立即在道口两端采取措施拦停列车，并就近通知铁路车站或者公安机关。
If a motor vehicle or non-motor vehicle breaks down or its load falls off within a railway crossing, the broken-down vehicle or fallen load shall be immediately moved to a safe location beyond the stop line of the railway crossing or at least 5 meters from the outermost rail of the railway line. If it cannot be moved to a safe location immediately, the crossing attendant shall be immediately notified; at an unmanned guarded crossing, measures shall be immediately taken at both ends of the crossing to stop trains, and the nearest railway station or public security organ shall be notified.
履带车辆等可能损坏铁路设施设备的车辆、物体通过铁路道口，应当提前通知铁路道口管理单位，在其协助、指导下通过，并采取相应的安全防护措施。
Tracked vehicles and other vehicles or objects that may damage railway facilities and equipment passing through railway crossings shall notify the railway crossing management unit in advance, pass under its assistance and guidance, and take corresponding safety protection measures.
在下列地点，铁路运输企业应当按照国家标准、行业标准设置易于识别的警示、保护标志：
At the following locations, the railway transport enterprise shall set up easily identifiable warning and protection signs in accordance with national standards and industry standards:
(一)铁路桥梁、隧道的两端；
(1) At both ends of railway bridges and tunnels;
(二)铁路信号、通信光(电)缆的埋设、铺设地点；
(2) At locations where railway signal and communication optical (electric) cables are buried or laid;
(三)电气化铁路接触网、自动闭塞供电线路和电力贯通线路等电力设施附近易发生危险的地点。
(3) At locations near electrified railway catenary, automatic block power supply lines, and powerthrough lines and other power facilities where danger is likely to occur.
禁止毁坏铁路线路、站台等设施设备和铁路路基、护坡、排水沟、防护林木、护坡草坪、铁路线路封闭网及其他铁路防护设施。
It is prohibited to damage railway lines, platforms, and other facilities and equipment, as well as railway subgrades, slope protections, drainage ditches, protective trees, slope protection lawns, railway lineclosed nets, and other railway protection facilities.
禁止实施下列危及铁路通信、信号设施安全的行为：
The following acts endangering the safety of railway communication and signaling facilities are prohibited:
(一)在埋有地下光(电)缆设施的地面上方进行钻探，堆放重物、垃圾，焚烧物品，倾倒腐蚀性物质；
(1) Drilling, piling heavy objects, dumping garbage, burning items, or pouring corrosive substances on the ground above buried underground optical (electric) cable facilities;
(二)在地下光(电)缆两侧各1米的范围内建造、搭建建筑物、构筑物等设施；
(2) Constructing or erecting buildings, structures, or other facilities within 1 meter on both sides of underground optical (electric) cables;
(三)在地下光(电)缆两侧各1米的范围内挖砂、取土；
(3) Digging sand or extracting soil within 1 meter on both sides of underground optical (electric) cables;
(四)在过河光(电)缆两侧各100米的范围内挖砂、抛锚或者进行其他危及光(电)缆安全的作业。
(4) Digging sand, anchoring, or conducting other operations endangering the safety of optical (electric) cables within 100 meters on both sides of river-crossing optical (electric) cables.
禁止实施下列危害电气化铁路设施的行为：
The following acts endangering electrified railway facilities are prohibited:
(一)向电气化铁路接触网抛掷物品；
(1) Throwing objects at the electrified railway catenary;
(二)在铁路电力线路导线两侧各500米的范围内升放风筝、气球等低空飘浮物体；
(2) Flying kites, balloons, or other low-altitude floating objects within 500 meters on both sides of railway power lines;
(三)攀登铁路电力线路杆塔或者在杆塔上架设、安装其他设施设备；
(3) Climbing railway power line towers or installing other facilities or equipment on the towers;
(四)在铁路电力线路杆塔、拉线周围20米范围内取土、打桩、钻探或者倾倒有害化学物品；
(4) Extracting soil, driving piles, drilling, or dumping harmful chemicals within 20 meters around railway power line towers or guy wires;
(五)触碰电气化铁路接触网。
(5) Touching the electrified railway catenary.
县级以上各级人民政府及其有关部门、铁路运输企业应当依照地质灾害防治法律法规的规定，加强铁路沿线地质灾害的预防、治理和应急处理等工作。
People's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments, as well as railway transport enterprises, shall strengthen the prevention, control, and emergency response of geological disasters along railway lines in accordance with laws and regulations on geological disaster prevention.
铁路运输企业应当对铁路线路、铁路防护设施和警示标志进行经常性巡查和维护；对巡查中发现的安全问题应当立即处理，不能立即处理的应当及时报告铁路监督管理机构。巡查和处理情况应当记录留存。
Railway transport enterprises shall conduct regular inspections and maintenance of railway lines, railway protection facilities, and warning signs; safety issues found during inspections shall be dealt with immediately, and if not immediately resolvable, shall be promptly reported to the railway supervision and management authority. Inspection and handling records shall be kept.
铁路运营安全
Railway Operation Safety
铁路运输企业应当依照法律、行政法规和国务院铁路行业监督管理部门的规定，制定铁路运输安全管理制度，完善相关作业程序，保障铁路旅客和货物运输安全。
Railway transport enterprises shall, in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and the provisions of the State Council's railway industry supervision and management department, establish railway transport safety management systems, improve relevant operating procedures, and ensure the safety of railway passenger and freight transport.
铁路机车车辆的驾驶人员应当参加国务院铁路行业监督管理部门组织的考试，考试合格方可上岗。具体办法由国务院铁路行业监督管理部门制定。
Drivers of railway locomotives and vehicles shall take examinations organized by the State Council's railway industry supervision and management department, and may only take up their posts after passing the examinations. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council's railway industry supervision and management department.
铁路运输企业应当加强铁路专业技术岗位和主要行车工种岗位从业人员的业务培训和安全培训，提高从业人员的业务技能和安全意识。
Railway transport enterprises shall strengthen professional and safety training for employees in railway technical positions and main train operation positions, to improve their professional skills and safety awareness.
铁路运输企业应当加强运输过程中的安全防护，使用的运输工具、装载加固设备以及其他专用设施设备应当符合国家标准、行业标准和安全要求。
Railway transport enterprises shall strengthen safety protection during transport, and the transport tools, loading and securing equipment, and other specialized facilities and equipment used shall comply with national standards, industry standards, and safety requirements.
铁路运输企业应当建立健全铁路设施设备的检查防护制度，加强对铁路设施设备的日常维护检修，确保铁路设施设备性能完好和安全运行。
Railway transport enterprises shall establish and improve inspection and protection systems for railway facilities and equipment, strengthen daily maintenance and repair of railway facilities and equipment, and ensure that railway facilities and equipment are in good condition and operate safely.
铁路运输企业的从业人员应当按照操作规程使用、管理铁路设施设备。
Employees of railway transport enterprises shall use and manage railway facilities and equipment in accordance with operating procedures.
在法定假日和传统节日等铁路运输高峰期或者恶劣气象条件下，铁路运输企业应当采取必要的安全应急管理措施，加强铁路运输安全检查，确保运输安全。
During peak railway transport periods such as statutory holidays and traditional festivals, or under adverse weather conditions, railway transport enterprises shall take necessary safety emergency management measures and strengthen railway transport safety inspections to ensure transport safety.
铁路运输企业应当在列车、车站等场所公告旅客、列车工作人员以及其他进站人员遵守的安全管理规定。
Railway transport enterprises shall announce safety management regulations that passengers, train staff, and other persons entering stations must comply with, at trains, stations, and other locations.
公安机关应当按照职责分工，维护车站、列车等铁路场所和铁路沿线的治安秩序。
Public security organs shall, according to their division of duties, maintain public order at railway stations, trains, and other railway locations, and along railway lines.
铁路运输企业应当按照国务院铁路行业监督管理部门的规定实施火车票实名购买、查验制度。
Railway transport enterprises shall implement a real-name ticket purchase and inspection system for train tickets in accordance with the provisions of the State Council's railway industry supervision and management department.
实施火车票实名购买、查验制度的，旅客应当凭有效身份证件购票乘车；对车票所记载身份信息与所持身份证件或者真实身份不符的持票人，铁路运输企业有权拒绝其进站乘车。
Where a real-name ticket purchase and inspection system is implemented, passengers shall purchase tickets and board trains with valid identification documents; for ticket holders whose identity information recorded on the ticket does not match the identification document held or the actual identity, the railway transport enterprise has the right to refuse them entry to the station and boarding.
铁路运输企业应当采取有效措施为旅客实名购票、乘车提供便利，并加强对旅客身份信息的保护。铁路运输企业工作人员不得窃取、泄露旅客身份信息。
Railway transport enterprises shall take effective measures to facilitate passengers' real-name ticket purchase and boarding, and strengthen the protection of passengers' identity information. Employees of railway transport enterprises shall not steal or disclose passengers' identity information.
铁路运输企业应当依照法律、行政法规和国务院铁路行业监督管理部门的规定，对旅客及其随身携带、托运的行李物品进行安全检查。
Railway transport enterprises shall conduct security checks on passengers and their carry-on and checked luggage in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and the provisions of the State Council's railway industry supervision and management department.
从事安全检查的工作人员应当佩戴安全检查标志，依法履行安全检查职责，并有权拒绝不接受安全检查的旅客进站乘车和托运行李物品。
Personnel engaged in security checks shall wear security check badges, perform security check duties according to law, and have the right to refuse entry to the station and boarding, as well as luggage check-in, for passengers who do not accept security checks.
旅客应当接受并配合铁路运输企业在车站、列车实施的安全检查，不得违法携带、夹带管制器具，不得违法携带、托运烟花爆竹、枪支弹药等危险物品或者其他违禁物品。
Passengers shall accept and cooperate with security checks conducted by railway transport enterprises at stations and on trains, and shall not illegally carry or conceal control devices, or illegally carry or check in dangerous items such as fireworks, firearms, ammunition, or other prohibited items.
禁止或者限制携带的物品种类及其数量由国务院铁路行业监督管理部门会同公安机关规定，并在车站、列车等场所公布。
The types and quantities of items prohibited or restricted from being carried shall be stipulated by the State Council's railway industry supervision and management department in conjunction with public security organs, and shall be announced at stations, trains, and other locations.
铁路运输托运人托运货物、行李、包裹，不得有下列行为：
Railway transport consignors, when consigning goods, luggage, or parcels, shall not engage in the following acts:
(一)匿报、谎报货物品名、性质、重量；
(1) Concealing or falsely reporting the name, nature, or weight of the goods;
(二)在普通货物中夹带危险货物，或者在危险货物中夹带禁止配装的货物；
(2) Mixing dangerous goods with ordinary goods, or mixing goods that are prohibited from being loaded together with dangerous goods;
(三)装车、装箱超过规定重量。
(3) Loading vehicles or containers exceeding the specified weight.
铁路运输企业应当对承运的货物进行安全检查，并不得有下列行为：
Railway transport enterprises shall conduct security checks on the goods they carry, and shall not engage in the following acts:
(一)在非危险货物办理站办理危险货物承运手续；
(1) Handling dangerous goods consignment procedures at non-dangerous goods handling stations;
(二)承运未接受安全检查的货物；
(2) Carrying goods that have not undergone security checks;
(三)承运不符合安全规定、可能危害铁路运输安全的货物。
(3) Carrying goods that do not meet safety requirements and may endanger railway transport safety.
运输危险货物应当依照法律法规和国家其他有关规定使用专用的设施设备，托运人应当配备必要的押运人员和应急处理器材、设备以及防护用品，并使危险货物始终处于押运人员的监管之下；危险货物发生被盗、丢失、泄漏等情况，应当按照国家有关规定及时报告。
When transporting dangerous goods, specialized facilities and equipment shall be used in accordance with laws, regulations, and other relevant state provisions; the consignor shall equip necessary escort personnel, emergency response materials, equipment, and protective supplies, and ensure that dangerous goods are always under the supervision of escort personnel; in case of theft, loss, leakage, etc. of dangerous goods, a timely report shall be made in accordance with relevant state provisions.
办理危险货物运输业务的工作人员和装卸人员、押运人员，应当掌握危险货物的性质、危害特性、包装容器的使用特性和发生意外的应急措施。
Personnel handling dangerous goods transport business, loading and unloading personnel, and escort personnel shall be familiar with the nature, hazardous characteristics, usage characteristics of packaging containers, and emergency measures in case of accidents.
铁路运输企业和托运人应当按照操作规程包装、装卸、运输危险货物，防止危险货物泄漏、爆炸。
Railway transport enterprises and consignors shall package, load, and transport dangerous goods in accordance with operating procedures to prevent leakage or explosion of dangerous goods.
铁路运输企业和托运人应当依照法律法规和国家其他有关规定包装、装载、押运特殊药品，防止特殊药品在运输过程中被盗、被劫或者发生丢失。
Railway transport enterprises and consignors shall package, load, and escort special pharmaceuticals in accordance with laws, regulations, and other relevant state provisions to prevent theft, hijacking, or loss of special pharmaceuticals during transport.
铁路管理信息系统及其设施的建设和使用，应当符合法律法规和国家其他有关规定的安全技术要求。
The construction and use of railway management information systems and their facilities shall comply with the safety technical requirements of laws, regulations, and other relevant state provisions.
铁路运输企业应当建立网络与信息安全应急保障体系，并配备相应的专业技术人员负责网络和信息系统的安全管理工作。
Railway transport enterprises shall establish a network and information security emergency support system, and equip corresponding professional technical personnel responsible for the security management of networks and information systems.
禁止使用无线电台(站)以及其他仪器、装置干扰铁路运营指挥调度无线电频率的正常使用。
It is prohibited to use radio stations (including radio equipment) or other instruments or devices to interfere with the normal use of radio frequencies for railway operation command and dispatch.
铁路运营指挥调度无线电频率受到干扰的，铁路运输企业应当立即采取排查措施并报告无线电管理机构、铁路监管部门；无线电管理机构、铁路监管部门应当依法排除干扰。
If the radio frequency for railway operation command and dispatch is interfered with, the railway transport enterprise shall immediately take investigation measures and report to the radio regulatory authority and railway regulatory authority; the radio regulatory authority and railway regulatory authority shall eliminate the interference according to law.
电力企业应当依法保障铁路运输所需电力的持续供应，并保证供电质量。
Electric power enterprises shall ensure the continuous supply of electricity required for railway transport according to law, and guarantee the quality of power supply.
铁路运输企业应当加强用电安全管理，合理配置供电电源和应急自备电源。
Railway transport enterprises shall strengthen electricity safety management, and reasonably configure power supply sources and emergency backup power sources.
遇有特殊情况影响铁路电力供应的，电力企业和铁路运输企业应当按照各自职责及时组织抢修，尽快恢复正常供电。
In case of special circumstances affecting railway power supply, electric power enterprises and railway transport enterprises shall promptly organize repairs according to their respective duties to restore normal power supply as soon as possible.
铁路运输企业应当加强铁路运营食品安全管理，遵守有关食品安全管理的法律法规和国家其他有关规定，保证食品安全。
Railway transport enterprises shall strengthen food safety management in railway operations, comply with laws, regulations, and other relevant state provisions on food safety management, and ensure food safety.
禁止实施下列危害铁路安全的行为：
The following acts endangering railway safety are prohibited:
(一)非法拦截列车、阻断铁路运输；
(1) Illegally intercepting trains or blocking railway transportation;
(二)扰乱铁路运输指挥调度机构以及车站、列车的正常秩序；
(2) Disrupting the normal order of railway transportation command and dispatch institutions, stations, or trains;
(三)在铁路线路上放置、遗弃障碍物；
(3) Placing or abandoning obstacles on railway lines;
(四)击打列车；
(4) Striking trains;
(五)擅自移动铁路线路上的机车车辆，或者擅自开启列车车门、违规操纵列车紧急制动设备；
(5) Unauthorized movement of rolling stock on railway lines, or unauthorized opening of train doors, or improper operation of train emergency braking equipment;
(六)拆盗、损毁或者擅自移动铁路设施设备、机车车辆配件、标桩、防护设施和安全标志；
(6) Dismantling, damaging, or unauthorized moving of railway facilities and equipment, rolling stock parts, markers, protective facilities, and safety signs;
(七)在铁路线路上行走、坐卧或者在未设道口、人行过道的铁路线路上通过；
(7) Walking or sitting on railway lines, or crossing railway lines where no crossings or pedestrian walkways are provided;
(八)擅自进入铁路线路封闭区域或者在未设置行人通道的铁路桥梁、隧道通行；
(8) Unauthorized entry into enclosed areas of railway lines, or passing through railway bridges or tunnels where no pedestrian passages are provided;
(九)擅自开启、关闭列车的货车阀、盖或者破坏施封状态；
(9) Unauthorized opening or closing of train freight car valves or covers, or damaging seal status;
(十)擅自开启列车中的集装箱箱门，破坏箱体、阀、盖或者施封状态；
(10) Unauthorized opening of container doors on trains, or damaging container bodies, valves, covers, or seal status;
(十一)擅自松动、拆解、移动列车中的货物装载加固材料、装置和设备；
(11) Unauthorized loosening, disassembling, or moving of cargo loading and securing materials, devices, and equipment on trains;
(十二)钻车、扒车、跳车；
(12) Crawling under trains, clinging to trains, or jumping off trains;
(十三)从列车上抛扔杂物；
(13) Throwing debris from trains;
(十四)在动车组列车上吸烟或者在其他列车的禁烟区域吸烟；
(14) Smoking on EMU trains or in no-smoking areas of other trains;
(十五)强行登乘或者以拒绝下车等方式强占列车；
(15) Forcibly boarding trains or occupying trains by refusing to alight;
(十六)冲击、堵塞、占用进出站通道或者候车区、站台。
(16) Blocking, congesting, or occupying access passages to stations, waiting areas, or platforms.
监督检查
Supervision and Inspection
铁路监管部门应当对从事铁路建设、运输、设备制造维修的企业执行本条例的情况实施监督检查，依法查处违反本条例规定的行为，依法组织或者参与铁路安全事故的调查处理。
Railway regulatory authorities shall supervise and inspect enterprises engaged in railway construction, transportation, and equipment manufacturing and maintenance regarding their compliance with these Regulations, investigate and punish violations according to law, and organize or participate in the investigation and handling of railway safety accidents according to law.
铁路监管部门应当建立企业违法行为记录和公告制度，对违反本条例被依法追究法律责任的从事铁路建设、运输、设备制造维修的企业予以公布。
Railway regulatory authorities shall establish a system for recording and publicizing enterprise violations, and shall publish enterprises engaged in railway construction, transportation, and equipment manufacturing and maintenance that have been held legally liable for violations of these Regulations.
铁路监管部门应当加强对铁路运输高峰期和恶劣气象条件下运输安全的监督管理，加强对铁路运输的关键环节、重要设施设备的安全状况以及铁路运输突发事件应急预案的建立和落实情况的监督检查。
Railway regulatory authorities shall strengthen supervision and management of transportation safety during peak periods and under adverse weather conditions, and shall strengthen supervision and inspection of key links of railway transportation, the safety status of important facilities and equipment, and the establishment and implementation of emergency plans for railway transportation incidents.
铁路监管部门和县级以上人民政府安全生产监督管理部门应当建立信息通报制度和运输安全生产协调机制。发现重大安全隐患，铁路运输企业难以自行排除的，应当及时向铁路监管部门和有关地方人民政府报告。地方人民政府获悉铁路沿线有危及铁路运输安全的重要情况，应当及时通报有关的铁路运输企业和铁路监管部门。
Railway regulatory authorities and work safety supervision and management departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall establish an information notification system and a transportation safety coordination mechanism. When major safety hazards are discovered that railway transport enterprises cannot eliminate on their own, they shall promptly report to the railway regulatory authorities and relevant local people's governments. When local people's governments learn of important situations along railway lines that endanger railway transportation safety, they shall promptly notify the relevant railway transport enterprises and railway regulatory authorities.
铁路监管部门发现安全隐患，应当责令有关单位立即排除。重大安全隐患排除前或者排除过程中无法保证安全的，应当责令从危险区域内撤出人员、设备，停止作业；重大安全隐患排除后方可恢复作业。
When railway regulatory authorities discover safety hazards, they shall order the relevant units to eliminate them immediately. If safety cannot be ensured before or during the elimination of major safety hazards, they shall order the evacuation of personnel and equipment from the dangerous area and cessation of operations; operations may resume only after the major safety hazards have been eliminated.
实施铁路安全监督检查的人员执行监督检查任务时，应当佩戴标志或者出示证件。任何单位和个人不得阻碍、干扰安全监督检查人员依法履行安全检查职责。
Personnel conducting railway safety supervision and inspection shall wear identification badges or present their credentials when performing inspection tasks. No unit or individual may obstruct or interfere with safety inspection personnel in the lawful performance of their safety inspection duties.
法律责任
Legal Liability
铁路建设单位和铁路建设的勘察、设计、施工、监理单位违反本条例关于铁路建设质量安全管理的规定的，由铁路监管部门依照有关工程建设、招标投标管理的法律、行政法规的规定处罚。
If railway construction entities and survey, design, construction, and supervision units for railway construction violate the provisions of these Regulations on railway construction quality and safety management, the railway regulatory authorities shall impose penalties in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on construction project management and bidding management.
铁路建设单位未对高速铁路和地质构造复杂的铁路建设工程实行工程地质勘察监理，或者在铁路线路及其邻近区域进行铁路建设工程施工不执行铁路营业线施工安全管理规定，影响铁路运营安全的，由铁路监管部门责令改正，处10万元以上50万元以下的罚款。
If a railway construction entity fails to implement engineering geological survey supervision for high-speed railway and geologically complex railway construction projects, or fails to comply with railway operating line construction safety management regulations when carrying out railway construction work on or near railway lines, thereby affecting railway operation safety, the railway regulatory authorities shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.
依法应当进行产品认证的铁路专用设备未经认证合格，擅自出厂、销售、进口、使用的，依照《中华人民共和国认证认可条例》的规定处罚。
If railway-specific equipment that should undergo product certification is manufactured, sold, imported, or used without certification, penalties shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions of the Certification and Accreditation Regulation of the People's Republic of China.
铁路机车车辆以及其他专用设备制造者未按规定召回缺陷产品，采取措施消除缺陷的，由国务院铁路行业监督管理部门责令改正；拒不改正的，处缺陷产品货值金额1%以上10%以下的罚款；情节严重的，由国务院铁路行业监督管理部门吊销相应的许可证件。
If a manufacturer of railway rolling stock or other specialized equipment fails to recall defective products or take measures to eliminate defects as required, the railway industry regulatory authority of the State Council shall order correction; if correction is refused, a fine of not less than 1% but not more than 10% of the value of the defective products shall be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, the railway industry regulatory authority of the State Council shall revoke the relevant license.
有下列情形之一的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，处2万元以上10万元以下的罚款：
In any of the following circumstances, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan:
(一)用于铁路运输的安全检测、监控、防护设施设备，集装箱和集装化用具等运输器具、专用装卸机械、索具、篷布、装载加固材料或者装置、运输包装、货物装载加固等，不符合国家标准、行业标准和技术规范；
(1) Safety detection, monitoring, and protection facilities and equipment used for railway transportation, containers and containerized appliances, special loading and unloading machinery, slings, tarpaulins, loading and securing materials or devices, transport packaging, and cargo loading and securing do not comply with national standards, industry standards, and technical specifications;
(二)不按照国家有关规定和标准设置、维护铁路封闭设施、安全防护设施；
(2) Failure to set up and maintain railway enclosure facilities and safety protection facilities in accordance with relevant national regulations and standards;
(三)架设、铺设铁路信号和通信线路、杆塔不符合国家标准、行业标准和铁路安全防护要求，或者未对铁路信号和通信线路、杆塔进行维护和管理；
(3) Erecting or laying railway signal and communication lines and poles/towers that do not comply with national standards, industry standards, and railway safety protection requirements, or failing to maintain and manage railway signal and communication lines and poles/towers;
(四)运输危险货物不依照法律法规和国家其他有关规定使用专用的设施设备。
(4) Transporting dangerous goods without using dedicated facilities and equipment in accordance with laws, regulations, and other relevant national provisions.
在铁路线路安全保护区内烧荒、放养牲畜、种植影响铁路线路安全和行车瞭望的树木等植物，或者向铁路线路安全保护区排污、倾倒垃圾以及其他危害铁路安全的物质的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，对单位可以处5万元以下的罚款，对个人可以处2000元以下的罚款。
If, within the railway line safety protection zone, anyone engages in burning grass, grazing livestock, planting trees or other plants that affect railway line safety or train sightlines, or discharges sewage, dumps garbage, or other substances hazardous to railway safety, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and may impose a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan on a unit and not more than 2,000 yuan on an individual.
未经铁路运输企业同意或者未签订安全协议，在铁路线路安全保护区内建造建筑物、构筑物等设施，取土、挖砂、挖沟、采空作业或者堆放、悬挂物品，或者违反保证铁路安全的国家标准、行业标准和施工安全规范，影响铁路运输安全的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，可以处10万元以下的罚款。
If, without the consent of the railway transport enterprise or without signing a safety agreement, anyone constructs buildings or structures, extracts soil, digs sand, digs ditches, conducts underground mining, or piles or hangs articles within the railway line safety protection zone, or violates national standards, industry standards, or construction safety specifications for ensuring railway safety, thereby affecting railway transportation safety, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and may impose a fine of not more than 100,000 yuan.
铁路运输企业未派员对铁路线路安全保护区内施工现场进行安全监督的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，可以处3万元以下的罚款。
If a railway transport enterprise fails to dispatch personnel to supervise the safety of construction sites within the railway line safety protection zone, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and may impose a fine of not more than 30,000 yuan.
在铁路线路安全保护区及其邻近区域建造或者设置的建筑物、构筑物、设备等进入国家规定的铁路建筑限界，或者在铁路线路两侧建造、设立生产、加工、储存或者销售易燃、易爆或者放射性物品等危险物品的场所、仓库不符合国家标准、行业标准规定的安全防护距离的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，对单位处5万元以上20万元以下的罚款，对个人处1万元以上5万元以下的罚款。
If buildings, structures, or equipment constructed or installed within or near the railway line safety protection zone encroach upon the national railway clearance limits, or if places or warehouses for producing, processing, storing, or selling flammable, explosive, or radioactive substances constructed or installed on both sides of railway lines do not comply with the safety protection distances specified in national standards or industry standards, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan on a unit, and not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan on an individual.
有下列行为之一的，分别由铁路沿线所在地县级以上地方人民政府水行政主管部门、国土资源主管部门或者无线电管理机构等依照有关水资源管理、矿产资源管理、无线电管理等法律、行政法规的规定处罚：
Any of the following acts shall be punished by the water administrative department, land and resources administrative department, or radio management institution of the local people's government at or above the county level along the railway line in accordance with laws and administrative regulations on water resources management, mineral resources management, and radio management, respectively:
(一)未经批准在铁路线路两侧各1000米范围内从事露天采矿、采石或者爆破作业；
(1) Engaging in open-pit mining, quarrying, or blasting operations within 1,000 meters on both sides of railway lines without approval;
(二)在地下水禁止开采区或者限制开采区抽取地下水；
(2) Extracting groundwater in areas where groundwater extraction is prohibited or restricted;
(三)在铁路桥梁跨越处河道上下游各1000米范围内围垦造田、拦河筑坝、架设浮桥或者修建其他影响铁路桥梁安全的设施；
(3) Reclaiming land, building dams, constructing floating bridges, or building other facilities that affect the safety of railway bridges within 1,000 meters upstream and downstream of the river crossing where railway bridges are located;
(四)在铁路桥梁跨越处河道上下游禁止采砂、淘金的范围内采砂、淘金；
(4) Extracting sand or gold within the prohibited sand and gold extraction areas upstream and downstream of the river crossing where railway bridges are located;
(五)干扰铁路运营指挥调度无线电频率正常使用。
(5) Interfering with the normal use of radio frequencies for railway operation command and dispatch.
铁路运输企业、道路管理部门或者道路经营企业未履行铁路、道路两用桥检查、维护职责的，由铁路监督管理机构或者上级道路管理部门责令改正；拒不改正的，由铁路监督管理机构或者上级道路管理部门指定其他单位进行养护和维修，养护和维修费用由拒不履行义务的铁路运输企业、道路管理部门或者道路经营企业承担。
If a railway transport enterprise, road management department, or road operation enterprise fails to fulfill its inspection and maintenance duties for railway-road dual-use bridges, the railway supervision and management institution or the superior road management department shall order correction; if correction is refused, the railway supervision and management institution or the superior road management department shall designate another unit to carry out maintenance and repair, and the costs of maintenance and repair shall be borne by the railway transport enterprise, road management department, or road operation enterprise that refused to fulfill its obligations.
机动车通过下穿铁路桥梁、涵洞的道路未遵守限高、限宽规定的，由公安机关依照道路交通安全管理法律、行政法规的规定处罚。
If a motor vehicle fails to comply with height and width restrictions when passing through a road under a railway bridge or culvert, the public security organ shall impose penalties in accordance with laws and administrative regulations on road traffic safety management.
违反本条例第四十八条、第四十九条关于铁路道口安全管理的规定的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，处1000元以上5000元以下的罚款。
If anyone violates the provisions of Articles 48 and 49 of these Regulations on railway crossing safety management, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 5,000 yuan.
违反本条例第五十一条、第五十二条、第五十三条、第七十七条规定的，由公安机关责令改正，对单位处1万元以上5万元以下的罚款，对个人处500元以上2000元以下的罚款。
If anyone violates the provisions of Articles 51, 52, 53, and 77 of these Regulations, the public security organ shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan on a unit, and not less than 500 yuan but not more than 2,000 yuan on an individual.
铁路运输托运人托运货物、行李、包裹时匿报、谎报货物品名、性质、重量，或者装车、装箱超过规定重量的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，可以处2000元以下的罚款；情节较重的，处2000元以上2万元以下的罚款；将危险化学品谎报或者匿报为普通货物托运的，处10万元以上20万元以下的罚款。
If a railway transport consignor, when consigning goods, luggage, or parcels, conceals or falsely reports the name, nature, or weight of the goods, or loads or packs beyond the specified weight, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and may impose a fine of not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively serious, a fine of not less than 2,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed; if dangerous chemicals are falsely reported or concealed as ordinary goods for consignment, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed.
铁路运输托运人在普通货物中夹带危险货物，或者在危险货物中夹带禁止配装的货物的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，处3万元以上20万元以下的罚款。
If a railway transport consignor mixes dangerous goods with ordinary goods, or mixes goods prohibited for combined loading with dangerous goods, the railway supervision and management institution shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan.
铁路运输托运人运输危险货物未配备必要的应急处理器材、设备、防护用品，或者未按照操作规程包装、装卸、运输危险货物的，由铁路监督管理机构责令改正，处1万元以上5万元以下的罚款。
If a railway transport consignor transporting dangerous goods fails to equip necessary emergency response equipment, devices, or protective supplies, or fails to pack, load, or transport dangerous goods in accordance with operating procedures, the railway supervision and administration authority shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than RMB 10,000 but not more than RMB 50,000.
铁路运输托运人运输危险货物不按照规定配备必要的押运人员，或者发生危险货物被盗、丢失、泄漏等情况不按照规定及时报告的，由公安机关责令改正，处1万元以上5万元以下的罚款。
If a railway transport consignor transporting dangerous goods fails to equip necessary escort personnel as required, or fails to report in a timely manner as required when dangerous goods are stolen, lost, or leaked, the public security authority shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than RMB 10,000 but not more than RMB 50,000.
旅客违法携带、夹带管制器具或者违法携带、托运烟花爆竹、枪支弹药等危险物品或者其他违禁物品的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚。
If a passenger illegally carries or conceals controlled instruments, or illegally carries or consigns dangerous goods such as fireworks, firearms, ammunition, or other prohibited articles, the public security authority shall impose public security penalties according to law.
铁路运输企业有下列情形之一的，由铁路监管部门责令改正，处2万元以上10万元以下的罚款：
If a railway transport enterprise falls under any of the following circumstances, the railway supervision authority shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than RMB 20,000 but not more than RMB 100,000:
(一)在非危险货物办理站办理危险货物承运手续；
(1) Handling dangerous goods consignment procedures at a station not designated for dangerous goods;
(二)承运未接受安全检查的货物；
(2) Consigning goods that have not undergone safety inspection;
(三)承运不符合安全规定、可能危害铁路运输安全的货物；
(3) Consigning goods that do not meet safety requirements and may endanger railway transport safety;
(四)未按照操作规程包装、装卸、运输危险货物。
(4) Failing to pack, load, or transport dangerous goods in accordance with operating procedures.
铁路监管部门及其工作人员应当严格按照本条例规定的处罚种类和幅度，根据违法行为的性质和具体情节行使行政处罚权，具体办法由国务院铁路行业监督管理部门制定。
The railway supervision authority and its staff shall exercise administrative penalty powers strictly in accordance with the types and ranges of penalties specified in these Regulations, based on the nature and specific circumstances of the illegal act. Specific measures shall be formulated by the railway industry supervision and administration department of the State Council.
铁路运输企业工作人员窃取、泄露旅客身份信息的，由公安机关依法处罚。
If a railway transport enterprise employee steals or discloses passenger identity information, the public security authority shall impose penalties according to law.
从事铁路建设、运输、设备制造维修的单位违反本条例规定，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
If a unit engaged in railway construction, transport, or equipment manufacturing and maintenance violates these Regulations, the directly responsible supervisor and other directly responsible personnel shall be given sanctions according to law.
铁路监管部门及其工作人员不依照本条例规定履行职责的，对负有责任的领导人员和直接责任人员依法给予处分。
If the railway supervision authority and its staff fail to perform their duties in accordance with these Regulations, the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel shall be given sanctions according to law.
违反本条例规定，给铁路运输企业或者其他单位、个人财产造成损失的，依法承担民事责任。
If a violation of these Regulations causes property damage to a railway transport enterprise or other unit or individual, civil liability shall be borne according to law.
违反本条例规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
If a violation of these Regulations constitutes a violation of public security administration, the public security authority shall impose public security penalties according to law; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.
附则
Supplementary Provisions
专用铁路、铁路专用线的安全管理参照本条例的规定执行。
The safety management of dedicated railways and railway sidings shall be implemented with reference to these Regulations.
本条例所称高速铁路，是指设计开行时速250公里以上(含预留)，并且初期运营时速200公里以上的客运列车专线铁路。
For the purposes of these Regulations, 'high-speed railway' means a passenger-dedicated railway line designed for an operating speed of 250 km/h or more (including reserved) and with an initial operating speed of 200 km/h or more.
本条例自2014年1月1日起施行。2004年12月27日国务院公布的《铁路运输安全保护条例》同时废止。
These Regulations shall come into effect on January 1, 2014. The 'Regulations on the Protection of Railway Transport Safety' promulgated by the State Council on December 27, 2004 shall be simultaneously abolished.