Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Detention Centers

(1990年3月17日中华人民共和国国务院令第52号发布　自发布之日起施行)

(Promulgated by Decree No. 52 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on March 17, 1990, and effective as of the date of promulgation)

为保障刑事诉讼活动的顺利进行，依据《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》及其他有关法律的规定，制定本条例。

These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws to ensure the smooth progress of criminal proceedings.

看守所是羁押依法被逮捕、刑事拘留的人犯的机关。

A detention center is an organ for detaining persons who have been lawfully arrested or criminally detained.

被判处有期徒刑一年以下，或者余刑在一年以下，不便送往劳动改造场所执行的罪犯，也可以由看守所监管。

Criminals sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of one year or less, or with a remaining sentence of one year or less, who are inconvenient to be sent to a reform-through-labor facility for execution, may also be supervised by a detention center.

看守所的任务是依据国家法律对被羁押的人犯实行武装警戒看守，保障安全；对人犯进行教育；管理人犯的生活和卫生；保障侦查、起诉和审判工作的顺利进行。

The tasks of a detention center are to implement armed guard and surveillance over detained persons in accordance with national laws, ensure safety; educate detained persons; manage the daily life and hygiene of detained persons; and ensure the smooth progress of investigation, prosecution, and trial work.

看守所监管人犯，必须坚持严密警戒看管与教育相结合的方针，坚持依法管理、严格管理、科学管理和文明管理，保障人犯的合法权益。严禁打骂、体罚、虐待人犯。

In supervising detained persons, a detention center must adhere to the principle of combining strict surveillance and control with education, persist in law-based management, strict management, scientific management, and civilized management, and protect the lawful rights and interests of detained persons. Beating, corporal punishment, maltreatment, or abuse of detained persons is strictly prohibited.

看守所以县级以上的行政区域为单位设置，由本级公安机关管辖。

Detention centers shall be established on the basis of administrative regions at or above the county level and shall be under the jurisdiction of the public security organs at the corresponding level.

省、自治区、直辖市国家安全厅(局)根据需要，可以设置看守所。

The provincial, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government department of state security (bureau) may set up detention centers as needed.

铁道、交通、林业、民航等系统相当于县级以上的公安机关，可以设置看守所。

Public security organs at or above the county level in systems such as railways, transportation, forestry, and civil aviation may set up detention centers.

看守所设所长一人，副所长一至二人；根据工作需要，配备看守、管教、医务、财会、炊事等工作人员若干人。

A detention center shall have one director and one to two deputy directors; and shall be staffed with a number of guards, correctional officers, medical personnel, accountants, cooks, and other workers as needed.

看守所应当配备女工作人员管理女性人犯。

A detention center shall be equipped with female staff to manage female detainees.

看守所对人犯的武装警戒和押解由中国人民武装警察部队(以下简称武警)担任。看守所对执行任务的武警实行业务指导。

Armed guard and escort of detained persons in a detention center shall be undertaken by the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (hereinafter referred to as the Armed Police). The detention center shall provide professional guidance to the Armed Police on duty.

看守所的监管活动受人民检察院的法律监督。

The supervision activities of a detention center are subject to legal supervision by the People's Procuratorate.

看守所收押人犯，须凭送押机关持有的县级以上公安机关、国家安全机关签发的逮捕证、刑事拘留证或者县级以上公安机关、国家安全机关、监狱、劳动改造机关，人民法院、人民检察院追捕、押解人犯临时寄押的证明文书。没有上述凭证，或者凭证的记载与实际情况不符的，不予收押。

For admission of a detainee, the detention center must rely on an arrest warrant or criminal detention warrant issued by a public security organ or state security organ at or above the county level held by the sending organ, or a certificate document for temporary custody of a person being pursued or escorted by a public security organ, state security organ, prison, reform-through-labor organ, people's court, or people's procuratorate at or above the county level. If there is no such certificate, or if the records on the certificate do not match the actual situation, admission shall be refused.

看守所收押人犯，应当进行健康检查，有下列情形之一的，不予收押：

Upon admission of a detainee, a health check shall be conducted. Admission shall be refused in any of the following circumstances:

(一)患有精神病或者急性传染病的；

(1) Suffering from a mental illness or an acute infectious disease;

(二)患有其他严重疾病，在羁押中可能发生生命危险或者生活不能自理的，但是罪大恶极不羁押对社会有危险性的除外；

(2) Suffering from another serious disease that may be life-threatening during detention or render the person unable to care for themselves, except where the person is guilty of heinous crimes and poses a danger to society if not detained;

(三)怀孕或者哺乳自己不满一周岁的婴儿的妇女。

(3) A woman who is pregnant or nursing her own infant under one year of age.

看守所收押人犯，应当对其人身和携带的物品进行严格检查。非日常用品应当登记，代为保管，出所时核对发还或者转监狱、劳动改造机关。违禁物品予以没收。发现犯罪证据和可疑物品，要当场制作记录，由人犯签字捺指印后，送案件主管机关处理。

Upon admission of a detainee, a strict inspection of the person and the items they carry shall be conducted. Non-daily necessities shall be registered and kept in custody, and shall be returned or transferred to the prison or reform-through-labor facility upon release. Prohibited items shall be confiscated. If evidence of a crime or suspicious items are found, a record shall be made on the spot, signed and fingerprinted by the detainee, and then sent to the competent authority handling the case.

对女性人犯的人身检查，由女工作人员进行。

Body searches of female detainees shall be conducted by female staff.

收押人犯，应当建立人犯档案。

Upon admission of a detainee, a detainee file shall be established.

收押人犯，应当告知人犯在羁押期间必须遵守的监规和享有的合法权益。

Upon admission, detainees shall be informed of the detention center rules they must observe during detention and the lawful rights and interests they enjoy.

对男性人犯和女性人犯，成年人犯和未成年人犯，同案犯以及其他需要分别羁押的人犯，应当分别羁押。

Male and female detainees, adult and juvenile detainees, co-defendants, and other detainees who need to be held separately shall be held in separate custody.

公安机关或者国家安全机关侦查终结、人民检察院决定受理的人犯，人民检察院审查或者侦查终结、人民法院决定受理的人犯，递次移送交接，均应办理换押手续，书面通知看守所。

When a criminal suspect whose case has been concluded by investigation by a public security organ or a state security organ and is accepted by a people's procuratorate, or whose case has been reviewed or concluded by investigation by a people's procuratorate and is accepted by a people's court, is transferred in succession, the transfer procedures shall be completed, and the detention center shall be notified in writing.

看守所实行二十四小时值班制度。值班人员应当坚守岗位，随时巡视监房。

Detention centers shall implement a 24-hour duty system. Duty personnel shall remain at their posts and patrol the detention rooms at all times.

对已被判处死刑、尚未执行的犯人，必须加戴械具。

For convicts who have been sentenced to death but have not yet been executed, restraints must be applied.

对有事实表明可能行凶、暴动、脱逃、自杀的人犯，经看守所所长批准，可以使用械具。在紧急情况下，可以先行使用，然后报告看守所所长。上述情形消除后，应当予以解除。

For criminal suspects who have factual evidence indicating possible assault, riot, escape, or suicide, restraints may be used with the approval of the head of the detention center. In emergency situations, restraints may be used first and then reported to the head of the detention center. When the above circumstances are eliminated, the restraints shall be removed.

看守人员和武警遇有下列情形之一，采取其他措施不能制止时，可以按照有关规定开枪射击：

When custodial officers and armed police encounter any of the following circumstances and other measures cannot stop them, they may fire shots in accordance with relevant regulations:

(一) 人犯越狱或者暴动的；

(1) The criminal suspect escapes from prison or riots;

(二) 人犯脱逃不听制止，或者在追捕中抗拒逮捕的；

(2) The criminal suspect escapes and does not stop despite orders, or resists arrest during pursuit;

(三) 劫持人犯的；

(3) Hijacking of a criminal suspect;

(四) 人犯持有管制刀具或者其他危险物，正在行凶或者破坏的；

(4) The criminal suspect possesses controlled knives or other dangerous objects and is committing assault or destruction;

(五) 人犯暴力威胁看守人员、武警的生命安全的。

(5) The criminal suspect violently threatens the life safety of custodial officers or armed police.

需要开枪射击时，除遇到特别紧迫的情况外，应当先鸣枪警告，人犯有畏服表示，应当立即停止射击。开枪射击后，应当保护现场，并立即报告主管公安机关和人民检察院。

When it is necessary to fire shots, except in particularly urgent situations, a warning shot shall be fired first. If the criminal suspect shows submission, firing shall cease immediately. After firing shots, the scene shall be protected, and the competent public security organ and people's procuratorate shall be immediately reported.

公安机关、国家安全机关、人民检察院、人民法院提讯人犯时，必须持有提讯证或者提票。提讯人员不得少于二人。

When public security organs, state security organs, people's procuratorates, or people's courts interrogate a criminal suspect, they must hold an interrogation certificate or a writ. The number of interrogators shall not be less than two.

不符合前款规定的，看守所应当拒绝提讯。

If the preceding paragraph is not complied with, the detention center shall refuse the interrogation.

提讯人员讯问人犯完毕，应当立即将人犯交给值班看守人员收押，并收回提讯证或者提票。

After the interrogator finishes questioning the criminal suspect, the criminal suspect shall be immediately handed over to the duty custodial officer for custody, and the interrogation certificate or writ shall be retrieved.

押解人员在押解人犯途中，必须严密看管，防止发生意外。对被押解的人犯，可以使用械具。

Escort personnel must strictly guard the criminal suspect during escort to prevent accidents. Restraints may be used on the escorted criminal suspect.

押解女性人犯，应当有女工作人员负责途中的生活管理。

When escorting female criminal suspects, female staff shall be responsible for life management during the journey.

监室应当通风、采光，能够防潮、防暑、防寒。看守所对监房应当经常检查，及时维修，防止火灾和其他自然灾害。

Detention rooms shall be ventilated and well-lit, and capable of preventing dampness, heat, and cold. The detention center shall regularly inspect and promptly repair detention rooms to prevent fire and other natural disasters.

被羁押人犯的居住面积，应当不影响其日常生活。

The living area for detained criminal suspects shall not affect their daily life.

人犯在羁押期间的伙食按规定标准供应，禁止克扣、挪用。

The meals of criminal suspects during detention shall be supplied according to the prescribed standards, and withholding or misappropriation is prohibited.

对少数民族人犯和外国籍人犯，应当考虑到他们的民族风俗习惯，在生活上予以适当照顾。

For criminal suspects of ethnic minorities and foreign nationals, their ethnic customs and habits shall be taken into account, and appropriate care shall be given in daily life.

人犯应当自备衣服、被褥。确实不能自备的，由看守所提供。

Criminal suspects shall provide their own clothes and bedding. If they truly cannot provide them, the detention center shall supply them.

人犯每日应当有必要的睡眠时间和一至两小时的室外活动。

Criminal suspects shall have necessary sleep time and one to two hours of outdoor activities each day.

看守所应当建立人犯的防疫和清洁卫生制度。

Detention centers shall establish epidemic prevention and sanitation systems for detainees.

看守所应当配备必要的医疗器械和常用药品。人犯患病，应当给予及时治疗；需要到医院治疗的，当地医院应当负责治疗；病情严重的可以依法取保候审。

Detention centers shall be equipped with necessary medical instruments and commonly used medicines. If a detainee falls ill, timely treatment shall be provided; if hospitalization is needed, the local hospital shall be responsible for treatment; if the condition is serious, the detainee may be released on bail pending trial according to law.

人犯在羁押期间死亡的，应当立即报告人民检察院和办案机关，由法医或者医生作出死亡原因的鉴定，并通知死者家属。

If a detainee dies during custody, the People's Procuratorate and the case-handling authority shall be immediately reported, and a forensic doctor or physician shall determine the cause of death, and the family of the deceased shall be notified.

人犯在羁押期间，经办案机关同意，并经公安机关批准，可以与近亲属通信、会见。

During custody, a detainee may correspond with and visit close relatives with the consent of the case-handling authority and approval of the public security authority.

人犯的近亲属病重或者死亡时，应当及时通知人犯。

If a close relative of a detainee is seriously ill or dies, the detainee shall be promptly notified.

人犯的配偶、父母或者子女病危时，除案情重大的以外，经办案机关同意，并经公安机关批准，在严格监护的条件下，允许人犯回家探视。

If the spouse, parents, or children of a detainee are critically ill, except for cases of major significance, with the consent of the case-handling authority and approval of the public security authority, the detainee may be allowed to visit home under strict supervision.

人犯近亲属给人犯的物品，须经看守人员检查。

Items sent to a detainee by close relatives shall be inspected by detention center personnel.

看守所接受办案机关的委托，对人犯发收的信件可以进行检查。如果发现有碍侦查、起诉、审判的，可以扣留，并移送办案机关处理。

Detention centers, upon entrustment by the case-handling authority, may inspect incoming and outgoing letters of detainees. If any content hinders investigation, prosecution, or trial, it may be withheld and transferred to the case-handling authority for processing.

人民检察院已经决定提起公诉的案件，被羁押的人犯在接到起诉书副本后，可以与本人委托的辩护人或者由人民法院指定的辩护人会见、通信。

For cases where the People's Procuratorate has decided to initiate a public prosecution, the detained person, after receiving a copy of the indictment, may meet and correspond with a defense lawyer appointed by themselves or designated by the People's Court.

看守所应当对人犯进行法制、道德以及必要的形势和劳动教育。

Detention centers shall provide detainees with education on legal, moral, and necessary situational and labor topics.

在保证安全和不影响刑事诉讼活动的前提下，看守所可以组织人犯进行适当的劳动。

Under the premise of ensuring safety and not affecting criminal proceedings, detention centers may organize detainees to perform appropriate labor.

人犯的劳动收入和支出，要建立帐目，严格手续。

Accounts shall be established for the income and expenditure of detainee labor, with strict procedures.

人犯在被羁押期间，遵守监规，表现良好的，应当予以表扬和鼓励；有立功表现的，应当报请办案机关依法从宽处理。

Detainees who comply with detention center rules and behave well during custody shall be praised and encouraged; those with meritorious performance shall be reported to the case-handling authority for lenient treatment according to law.

看守所对于违反监规的人犯，可予以警告或者训诫；情节严重，经教育不改的，可以责令具结悔过或者经看守所所长批准予以禁闭。

Detention centers may issue warnings or reprimands to detainees who violate detention center rules; for serious cases where education fails, they may be ordered to sign a statement of repentance or be placed in solitary confinement with the approval of the detention center director.

人犯在羁押期间有犯罪行为的，看守所应当及时将情况通知办案机关依法处理。

If a detainee commits a crime during custody, the detention center shall promptly notify the case-handling authority for legal processing.

对于被判处死刑缓期二年执行、无期徒刑、有期徒刑、拘役或者管制的罪犯，看守所根据人民法院的执行通知书、判决书办理出所手续。

For criminals sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, life imprisonment, fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, or public surveillance, the detention center shall process release procedures based on the execution notice and judgment from the People's Court.

对于被依法释放的人，看守所根据人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关或者国家安全机关的释放通知文书，办理释放手续。

For persons to be released according to law, the detention center shall process release procedures based on the release notice from the People's Court, People's Procuratorate, public security authority, or state security authority.

释放被羁押人，发给释放证明书。

A release certificate shall be issued to the released detainee.

对于被决定劳动教养的人和转送外地羁押的人犯，看守所根据有关主管机关的证明文件，办理出所手续。

For persons decided to undergo re-education through labor and detainees to be transferred to another location for custody, the detention center shall process release procedures based on the certification documents from the relevant competent authority.

看守所应当教育工作人员严格执法，严守纪律，向人民检察院报告监管活动情况。

Detention centers shall educate their staff to strictly enforce the law, observe discipline, and report the situation of supervision activities to the People's Procuratorate.

看守所对人民检察院提出的违法情况的纠正意见，应当认真研究，及时处理，并将处理结果告知人民检察院。

Detention centers shall seriously study and promptly handle corrective opinions raised by the People's Procuratorate regarding illegal situations, and inform the People's Procuratorate of the results.

看守所对人犯的法定羁押期限即将到期而案件又尚未审理终结的，应当及时通知办案机关迅速审结；超过法定羁押期限的，应当将情况报告人民检察院。

If the statutory custody period for a detainee is about to expire but the case has not yet been concluded, the detention center shall promptly notify the case-handling authority to conclude the case quickly; if the statutory custody period has been exceeded, the detention center shall report the situation to the People's Procuratorate.

对于人民检察院或者人民法院没有决定停止行使选举权利的被羁押人犯，准予参加县级以下人民代表大会代表的选举。

For detainees whose right to vote has not been suspended by a decision of the People's Court or the People's Procuratorate, they shall be permitted to participate in the election of deputies to the People's Congress at or below the county level.

看守所在人犯羁押期间发现人犯中有错拘、错捕或者错判的，应当及时通知办案机关查证核实，依法处理。

If, during the period of custody, the detention center discovers that a detainee has been wrongfully detained, wrongfully arrested, or wrongfully sentenced, it shall promptly notify the case-handling authority to verify and handle the matter according to law.

对人犯的上诉书、申诉书，看守所应当及时转送，不得阻挠和扣押。

The detention center shall promptly forward any appeal or petition submitted by a detainee and shall not obstruct or withhold them.

人犯揭发、控告司法工作人员违法行为的材料，应当及时报请人民检察院处理。

Materials in which a detainee exposes or accuses judicial personnel of illegal acts shall be promptly submitted to the People's Procuratorate for handling.

看守所监管已决犯，执行有关对已决犯管理的法律规定。

The detention center shall supervise sentenced prisoners and implement the legal provisions concerning the management of sentenced prisoners.

看守所所需修缮费和人犯给养费应当编报预算，按隶属关系由各级财政专项拨付。

The funds required for the repair and maintenance of detention centers and the subsistence expenses of detainees shall be budgeted and allocated by the financial authorities at all levels according to the subordinate relationship.

看守所的经费开支，单立帐户，专款专用。

The expenditure of detention centers shall be accounted for in a separate account and used exclusively for its designated purpose.

新建和迁建的看守所应当纳入城市建设规划，列入基本建设项目。

Newly built or relocated detention centers shall be included in urban construction plans and listed as capital construction projects.

本条例所称“以上”、“以下”，均包括本数、本级在内。

The terms "above" and "below" as used in these Regulations include the number or level itself.

本条例由公安部负责解释，实施办法由公安部制定。

The Ministry of Public Security shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations, and the Ministry of Public Security shall formulate implementing measures.

中国人民解放军根据军队看守所的具体情况，可以另行制定实施办法。

The Chinese People's Liberation Army may separately formulate implementing measures based on the specific conditions of military detention centers.

本条例自发布之日起施行，一九五四年九月七日政务院公布的《中华人民共和国劳动改造条例》中有关看守所的规定即行废止。

These Regulations shall come into force on the date of promulgation, and the provisions concerning detention centers in the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Reform through Labor" promulgated by the Government Administration Council on September 7, 1954, shall be simultaneously abolished.