KYB CHINA(2023年5月31日中华人民共和国国务院、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会令第761号公布 自2024年1月1日起施行)
(Promulgated by Order No. 761 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China and the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China on May 31, 2023, effective from January 1, 2024)
总 则
General Provisions
为了规范无人驾驶航空器飞行以及有关活动，促进无人驾驶航空器产业健康有序发展，维护航空安全、公共安全、国家安全，制定本条例。
These Regulations are formulated to regulate the flight and related activities of unmanned aircraft, promote the healthy and orderly development of the unmanned aircraft industry, and safeguard aviation safety, public safety, and national security.
在中华人民共和国境内从事无人驾驶航空器飞行以及有关活动，应当遵守本条例。
The flight and related activities of unmanned aircraft within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall comply with these Regulations.
本条例所称无人驾驶航空器，是指没有机载驾驶员、自备动力系统的航空器。
For the purposes of these Regulations, 'unmanned aircraft' means an aircraft that is not equipped with an onboard pilot and is self-propelled.
无人驾驶航空器按照性能指标分为微型、轻型、小型、中型和大型。
Unmanned aircraft are classified into micro, light, small, medium, and large categories based on performance indicators.
无人驾驶航空器飞行管理工作应当坚持和加强党的领导，坚持总体国家安全观，坚持安全第一、服务发展、分类管理、协同监管的原则。
The flight management of unmanned aircraft shall adhere to and strengthen the leadership of the Party, uphold a holistic approach to national security, and adhere to the principles of safety first, service development, classified management, and coordinated supervision.
国家空中交通管理领导机构统一领导全国无人驾驶航空器飞行管理工作，组织协调解决无人驾驶航空器管理工作中的重大问题。
The national air traffic management leading body shall uniformly lead the flight management of unmanned aircraft nationwide, and organize and coordinate the resolution of major issues in the management of unmanned aircraft.
国务院民用航空、公安、工业和信息化、市场监督管理等部门按照职责分工负责全国无人驾驶航空器有关管理工作。
The civil aviation, public security, industry and information technology, market supervision and management, and other relevant departments of the State Council shall be responsible for the management of unmanned aircraft nationwide according to their respective functions and duties.
县级以上地方人民政府及其有关部门按照职责分工负责本行政区域内无人驾驶航空器有关管理工作。
Local people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall be responsible for the management of unmanned aircraft within their respective administrative regions according to their respective functions and duties.
各级空中交通管理机构按照职责分工负责本责任区内无人驾驶航空器飞行管理工作。
Air traffic management authorities at all levels are responsible for the flight management of unmanned aircraft within their respective areas of responsibility according to their division of duties.
国家鼓励无人驾驶航空器科研创新及其成果的推广应用，促进无人驾驶航空器与大数据、人工智能等新技术融合创新。县级以上人民政府及其有关部门应当为无人驾驶航空器科研创新及其成果的推广应用提供支持。
The State encourages scientific research and innovation in unmanned aircraft and the promotion and application of their achievements, and promotes the integrated innovation of unmanned aircraft with new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence. People's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall provide support for the scientific research and innovation of unmanned aircraft and the promotion and application of their achievements.
国家在确保安全的前提下积极创新空域供给和使用机制，完善无人驾驶航空器飞行配套基础设施和服务体系。
The State actively innovates the airspace supply and use mechanism on the premise of ensuring safety, and improves the supporting infrastructure and service system for unmanned aircraft flight.
无人驾驶航空器有关行业协会应当通过制定、实施团体标准等方式加强行业自律，宣传无人驾驶航空器管理法律法规及有关知识，增强有关单位和人员依法开展无人驾驶航空器飞行以及有关活动的意识。
Relevant industry associations of unmanned aircraft shall strengthen industry self-discipline by formulating and implementing group standards, publicize laws, regulations and relevant knowledge on the management of unmanned aircraft, and enhance the awareness of relevant units and individuals to carry out unmanned aircraft flight and related activities in accordance with the law.
民用无人驾驶航空器及操控员管理
Management of Civil Unmanned Aircraft and Their Operators
国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院其他有关部门按照职责分工组织制定民用无人驾驶航空器系统的设计、生产和使用的国家标准、行业标准。
The standardization administrative department of the State Council and other relevant departments of the State Council shall, according to their division of duties, organize the formulation of national standards and industry standards for the design, production and use of civil unmanned aircraft systems.
从事中型、大型民用无人驾驶航空器系统的设计、生产、进口、飞行和维修活动，应当依法向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得适航许可。
Engaging in the design, production, import, flight and maintenance of medium and large civil unmanned aircraft systems shall apply to the civil aviation authority of the State Council for airworthiness certification in accordance with the law.
从事微型、轻型、小型民用无人驾驶航空器系统的设计、生产、进口、飞行、维修以及组装、拼装活动，无需取得适航许可，但相关产品应当符合产品质量法律法规的有关规定以及有关强制性国家标准。
Engaging in the design, production, import, flight, maintenance, assembly and kit-building of micro, light and small civil unmanned aircraft systems does not require airworthiness certification, but the relevant products shall comply with the relevant provisions of product quality laws and regulations and relevant mandatory national standards.
从事民用无人驾驶航空器系统的设计、生产、使用活动，应当符合国家有关实名登记激活、飞行区域限制、应急处置、网络信息安全等规定，并采取有效措施减少大气污染物和噪声排放。
Engaging in the design, production and use of civil unmanned aircraft systems shall comply with the relevant provisions of the State on real-name registration activation, flight area restrictions, emergency response, network information security, etc., and take effective measures to reduce the emission of air pollutants and noise.
民用无人驾驶航空器系统生产者应当按照国务院工业和信息化主管部门的规定为其生产的无人驾驶航空器设置唯一产品识别码。
Producers of civil unmanned aircraft systems shall set a unique product identification code for the unmanned aircraft they produce in accordance with the provisions of the competent department of industry and information technology of the State Council.
微型、轻型、小型民用无人驾驶航空器系统的生产者应当在无人驾驶航空器机体标注产品类型以及唯一产品识别码等信息，在产品外包装显著位置标明守法运行要求和风险警示。
Producers of micro, light, and small civil unmanned aircraft systems shall mark the product type and unique product identification code on the unmanned aircraft body, and clearly indicate compliance operation requirements and risk warnings on the outer packaging of the product.
民用无人驾驶航空器所有者应当依法进行实名登记，具体办法由国务院民用航空主管部门会同有关部门制定。
Owners of civil unmanned aircraft shall conduct real-name registration in accordance with the law. The specific measures shall be formulated by the competent civil aviation authority of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments.
涉及境外飞行的民用无人驾驶航空器，应当依法进行国籍登记。
Civil unmanned aircraft involved in overseas flights shall undergo nationality registration in accordance with the law.
使用除微型以外的民用无人驾驶航空器从事飞行活动的单位应当具备下列条件，并向国务院民用航空主管部门或者地区民用航空管理机构(以下统称民用航空管理部门)申请取得民用无人驾驶航空器运营合格证(以下简称运营合格证)：
Entities using civil unmanned aircraft other than micro ones for flight activities shall meet the following conditions and apply to the competent civil aviation authority of the State Council or regional civil aviation management agencies (hereinafter collectively referred to as civil aviation management departments) for a civil unmanned aircraft operation certificate (hereinafter referred to as operation certificate):
(一)有实施安全运营所需的管理机构、管理人员和符合本条例规定的操控人员；
(1) Have management institutions, management personnel, and operators that meet the requirements of these regulations for implementing safe operations;
(二)有符合安全运营要求的无人驾驶航空器及有关设施、设备；
(2) Have unmanned aircraft and related facilities and equipment that meet safe operation requirements;
(三)有实施安全运营所需的管理制度和操作规程，保证持续具备按照制度和规程实施安全运营的能力；
(3) Have management systems and operating procedures necessary for safe operations, ensuring the continuous ability to conduct safe operations in accordance with the systems and procedures;
(四)从事经营性活动的单位，还应当为营利法人。
(4) Entities engaged in commercial activities shall also be for-profit legal persons.
民用航空管理部门收到申请后，应当进行运营安全评估，根据评估结果依法作出许可或者不予许可的决定。予以许可的，颁发运营合格证；不予许可的，书面通知申请人并说明理由。
Upon receiving an application, the civil aviation management department shall conduct an operational safety assessment and, based on the assessment results, make a decision to grant or deny the permit in accordance with the law. If granted, an operation certificate shall be issued; if denied, the applicant shall be notified in writing with reasons stated.
使用最大起飞重量不超过150千克的农用无人驾驶航空器在农林牧渔区域上方的适飞空域内从事农林牧渔作业飞行活动(以下称常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动)，无需取得运营合格证。
Entities using agricultural unmanned aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight not exceeding 150 kilograms to conduct agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery operation flight activities in the permissible airspace above agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery areas (hereinafter referred to as routine agricultural unmanned aircraft operation flight activities) are not required to obtain an operation certificate.
取得运营合格证后从事经营性通用航空飞行活动，以及从事常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动，无需取得通用航空经营许可证和运行合格证。
Entities that have obtained an operation qualification certificate and engage in commercial general aviation flight activities, as well as those conducting routine agricultural unmanned aircraft operation flights, are exempt from obtaining a general aviation business license and an operation certificate.
使用民用无人驾驶航空器从事经营性飞行活动，以及使用小型、中型、大型民用无人驾驶航空器从事非经营性飞行活动，应当依法投保责任保险。
Entities using civil unmanned aircraft for commercial flight activities, and those using small, medium, or large civil unmanned aircraft for non-commercial flight activities, shall purchase liability insurance in accordance with the law.
微型、轻型、小型民用无人驾驶航空器系统投放市场后，发现存在缺陷的，其生产者、进口商应当停止生产、销售，召回缺陷产品，并通知有关经营者、使用者停止销售、使用。生产者、进口商未依法实施召回的，由国务院市场监督管理部门依法责令召回。
After micro, light, and small civil unmanned aircraft systems are placed on the market, if defects are discovered, their producers and importers shall stop production and sales, recall the defective products, and notify relevant operators and users to stop sales and use. If the producer or importer fails to implement a recall in accordance with the law, the State Administration for Market Regulation shall order the recall in accordance with the law.
中型、大型民用无人驾驶航空器系统不能持续处于适航状态的，由国务院民用航空主管部门依照有关适航管理的规定处理。
If medium and large civil unmanned aircraft systems cannot continuously maintain an airworthy condition, the civil aviation authority of the State Council shall handle the matter in accordance with relevant airworthiness management provisions.
对已经取得适航许可的民用无人驾驶航空器系统进行重大设计更改并拟将其用于飞行活动的，应当重新申请取得适航许可。
If a major design change is made to a civil unmanned aircraft system that has already obtained an airworthiness approval, and it is intended to be used for flight activities, a new airworthiness approval shall be applied for.
对微型、轻型、小型民用无人驾驶航空器系统进行改装的，应当符合有关强制性国家标准。民用无人驾驶航空器系统的空域保持能力、可靠被监视能力、速度或者高度等出厂性能以及参数发生改变的，其所有者应当及时在无人驾驶航空器一体化综合监管服务平台更新性能、参数信息。
Modifications to micro, light, and small civil unmanned aircraft systems shall comply with relevant mandatory national standards. If the factory performance or parameters of the civil unmanned aircraft system, such as airspace holding capability, reliable monitoring capability, speed, or altitude, change, the owner shall promptly update the performance and parameter information on the integrated unmanned aircraft supervision and service platform.
改装民用无人驾驶航空器的，应当遵守改装后所属类别的管理规定。
Modifications to civil unmanned aircraft shall comply with the management regulations of the category to which the modified aircraft belongs.
生产、维修、使用民用无人驾驶航空器系统，应当遵守无线电管理法律法规以及国家有关规定。但是，民用无人驾驶航空器系统使用国家无线电管理机构确定的特定无线电频率，且有关无线电发射设备取得无线电发射设备型号核准的，无需取得无线电频率使用许可和无线电台执照。
The production, maintenance, and use of civil unmanned aircraft systems shall comply with radio management laws, regulations, and relevant state provisions. However, if a civil unmanned aircraft system uses specific radio frequencies designated by the national radio regulatory authority and the relevant radio transmitting equipment has obtained radio transmitting equipment type approval, it is exempt from obtaining a radio frequency use permit and a radio station license.
操控小型、中型、大型民用无人驾驶航空器飞行的人员应当具备下列条件，并向国务院民用航空主管部门申请取得相应民用无人驾驶航空器操控员(以下简称操控员)执照：
Persons who operate small, medium, and large civil unmanned aircraft for flight shall meet the following conditions and apply to the civil aviation authority of the State Council for a corresponding civil unmanned aircraft operator (hereinafter referred to as operator) license:
(一)具备完全民事行为能力；
(1) Have full civil capacity;
(二)接受安全操控培训，并经民用航空管理部门考核合格；
(2) Receive safety operation training and pass the assessment by the civil aviation authority;
(三)无可能影响民用无人驾驶航空器操控行为的疾病病史，无吸毒行为记录；
(3) Have no disease history that may affect the operation of civil unmanned aircraft, and no record of drug use;
(四)近5年内无因危害国家安全、公共安全或者侵犯公民人身权利、扰乱公共秩序的故意犯罪受到刑事处罚的记录。
(4) Have no criminal record of intentional crimes endangering national security, public safety, infringing upon citizens' personal rights, or disturbing public order within the past 5 years.
从事常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动的人员无需取得操控员执照，但应当由农用无人驾驶航空器系统生产者按照国务院民用航空、农业农村主管部门规定的内容进行培训和考核，合格后取得操作证书。
Personnel engaged in routine agricultural unmanned aircraft operation flight activities do not need to obtain an operator license, but shall be trained and assessed by the agricultural unmanned aircraft system producer in accordance with the content prescribed by the civil aviation authority and the agricultural and rural authority of the State Council, and obtain an operation certificate after passing the assessment.
操控微型、轻型民用无人驾驶航空器飞行的人员，无需取得操控员执照，但应当熟练掌握有关机型操作方法，了解风险警示信息和有关管理制度。
Personnel operating mini and light civil unmanned aircraft do not need to obtain an operator license, but shall be proficient in the operation methods of the relevant models, understand risk warning information and relevant management systems.
无民事行为能力人只能操控微型民用无人驾驶航空器飞行，限制民事行为能力人只能操控微型、轻型民用无人驾驶航空器飞行。无民事行为能力人操控微型民用无人驾驶航空器飞行或者限制民事行为能力人操控轻型民用无人驾驶航空器飞行，应当由符合前款规定条件的完全民事行为能力人现场指导。
Persons with no civil capacity may only operate mini civil unmanned aircraft; persons with limited civil capacity may only operate mini and light civil unmanned aircraft. When a person with no civil capacity operates a mini civil unmanned aircraft or a person with limited civil capacity operates a light civil unmanned aircraft, a person with full civil capacity who meets the conditions specified in the preceding paragraph shall provide on-site guidance.
操控轻型民用无人驾驶航空器在无人驾驶航空器管制空域内飞行的人员，应当具有完全民事行为能力，并按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定经培训合格。
Personnel operating light civil unmanned aircraft in controlled airspace for unmanned aircraft shall have full civil capacity and be trained and qualified in accordance with the provisions of the civil aviation authority of the State Council.
空域和飞行活动管理
Airspace and Flight Activity Management
划设无人驾驶航空器飞行空域应当遵循统筹配置、安全高效原则，以隔离飞行为主，兼顾融合飞行需求，充分考虑飞行安全和公众利益。
The designation of unmanned aircraft flight airspace shall follow the principles of coordinated allocation, safety and efficiency, prioritize isolated flight, take into account the needs of integrated flight, and fully consider flight safety and public interests.
划设无人驾驶航空器飞行空域应当明确水平、垂直范围和使用时间。
The designation of unmanned aircraft flight airspace shall specify the horizontal and vertical scope and usage time.
空中交通管理机构应当为无人驾驶航空器执行军事、警察、海关、应急管理飞行任务优先划设空域。
Air traffic management agencies shall prioritize the allocation of airspace for unmanned aircraft performing military, police, customs, and emergency management missions.
国家根据需要划设无人驾驶航空器管制空域(以下简称管制空域)。
The state shall designate controlled airspace for unmanned aircraft (hereinafter referred to as controlled airspace) as needed.
真高120米以上空域，空中禁区、空中限制区以及周边空域，军用航空超低空飞行空域，以及下列区域上方的空域应当划设为管制空域：
Airspace above 120 meters true altitude, airspace within and surrounding prohibited areas, restricted areas, and military aviation ultra-low-altitude flight areas, as well as airspace above the following areas, shall be designated as controlled airspace:
(一)机场以及周边一定范围的区域；
(1) Airports and surrounding areas within a certain range;
(二)国界线、实际控制线、边境线向我方一侧一定范围的区域；
(2) Areas within a certain range on the side of the national boundary, actual line of control, or border line facing our side;
(三)军事禁区、军事管理区、监管场所等涉密单位以及周边一定范围的区域；
(3) Military restricted zones, military management areas, supervision facilities, and other classified units, as well as surrounding areas within a certain range;
(四)重要军工设施保护区域、核设施控制区域、易燃易爆等危险品的生产和仓储区域，以及可燃重要物资的大型仓储区域；
(4) Important military industrial facility protection areas, nuclear facility control areas, production and storage areas of flammable, explosive, and other dangerous goods, and large storage areas of flammable important materials;
(五)发电厂、变电站、加油(气)站、供水厂、公共交通枢纽、航电枢纽、重大水利设施、港口、高速公路、铁路电气化线路等公共基础设施以及周边一定范围的区域和饮用水水源保护区；
(5) Public infrastructure such as power plants, substations, gas (oil) stations, water supply plants, public transportation hubs, navigation and power hubs, major water conservancy facilities, ports, highways, railway electrification lines, and surrounding areas within a certain range, as well as drinking water source protection areas;
(六)射电天文台、卫星测控(导航)站、航空无线电导航台、雷达站等需要电磁环境特殊保护的设施以及周边一定范围的区域；
(6) Facilities requiring special electromagnetic environment protection, such as radio astronomy observatories, satellite tracking (navigation) stations, aeronautical radio navigation stations, radar stations, and surrounding areas within a certain range;
(七)重要革命纪念地、重要不可移动文物以及周边一定范围的区域；
(7) Important revolutionary memorial sites, important immovable cultural relics, and surrounding areas within a certain range.
(八)国家空中交通管理领导机构规定的其他区域。
(8) Other areas specified by the national air traffic management leading body.
管制空域的具体范围由各级空中交通管理机构按照国家空中交通管理领导机构的规定确定，由设区的市级以上人民政府公布，民用航空管理部门和承担相应职责的单位发布航行情报。
The specific scope of controlled airspace shall be determined by air traffic management authorities at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the national air traffic management leading body, announced by the people's governments at or above the level of a city divided into districts, and published as aeronautical information by civil aviation administrative departments and units assuming corresponding responsibilities.
未经空中交通管理机构批准，不得在管制空域内实施无人驾驶航空器飞行活动。
Without approval from the air traffic management authority, unmanned aircraft flight activities shall not be conducted within controlled airspace.
管制空域范围以外的空域为微型、轻型、小型无人驾驶航空器的适飞空域(以下简称适飞空域)。
Airspace outside the scope of controlled airspace is the suitable flight airspace for micro, light, and small unmanned aircraft (hereinafter referred to as suitable flight airspace).
遇有特殊情况，可以临时增加管制空域，由空中交通管理机构按照国家有关规定确定有关空域的水平、垂直范围和使用时间。
In special circumstances, controlled airspace may be temporarily added, and the air traffic management authority shall determine the horizontal and vertical scope and usage time of the relevant airspace in accordance with relevant national regulations.
保障国家重大活动以及其他大型活动的，在临时增加的管制空域生效24小时前，由设区的市级以上地方人民政府发布公告，民用航空管理部门和承担相应职责的单位发布航行情报。
For ensuring major national activities and other large-scale events, a public announcement shall be issued by the people's government at or above the level of a city divided into districts 24 hours before the temporarily added controlled airspace takes effect, and aeronautical information shall be published by civil aviation administrative departments and units assuming corresponding responsibilities.
保障执行军事任务或者反恐维稳、抢险救灾、医疗救护等其他紧急任务的，在临时增加的管制空域生效30分钟前，由设区的市级以上地方人民政府发布紧急公告，民用航空管理部门和承担相应职责的单位发布航行情报。
For ensuring the execution of military missions or other emergency tasks such as counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, disaster relief, and medical rescue, an emergency announcement shall be issued by the people's government at or above the level of a city divided into districts 30 minutes before the temporarily added controlled airspace takes effect, and aeronautical information shall be published by civil aviation administrative departments and units assuming corresponding responsibilities.
按照国家空中交通管理领导机构的规定需要设置管制空域的地面警示标志的，设区的市级人民政府应当组织设置并加强日常巡查。
Where ground warning signs for controlled airspace need to be set up in accordance with the provisions of the national air traffic management leading body, the people's government at the level of a city divided into districts shall organize the setup and strengthen daily inspections.
无人驾驶航空器通常应当与有人驾驶航空器隔离飞行。
Unmanned aircraft shall generally fly segregated from manned aircraft.
属于下列情形之一的，经空中交通管理机构批准，可以进行融合飞行：
In any of the following circumstances, integrated flight may be conducted with approval from the air traffic management authority:
(一)根据任务或者飞行课目需要，警察、海关、应急管理部门辖有的无人驾驶航空器与本部门、本单位使用的有人驾驶航空器在同一空域或者同一机场区域的飞行；
(1) Flights of unmanned aircraft owned by police, customs, or emergency management departments in the same airspace or airport area as manned aircraft used by the same department or unit, based on mission or flight course requirements;
(二)取得适航许可的大型无人驾驶航空器的飞行；
(2) Flights of large unmanned aircraft that have obtained airworthiness certification;
(三)取得适航许可的中型无人驾驶航空器不超过真高300米的飞行；
(3) Flights of medium unmanned aircraft that have obtained airworthiness certification, not exceeding 300 meters above true altitude;
(四)小型无人驾驶航空器不超过真高300米的飞行；
(4) Flights of small unmanned aircraft not exceeding 300 meters above true altitude;
(五)轻型无人驾驶航空器在适飞空域上方不超过真高300米的飞行。
(5) Flights of light unmanned aircraft not exceeding 300 meters above true altitude within approved flight airspace.
属于下列情形之一的，进行融合飞行无需经空中交通管理机构批准：
Integrated flights falling under any of the following circumstances do not require approval from air traffic management authorities:
(一)微型、轻型无人驾驶航空器在适飞空域内的飞行；
(1) Flights of micro and light unmanned aircraft within approved flight airspace;
(二)常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动。
(2) Routine agricultural unmanned aircraft operation flight activities.
国家空中交通管理领导机构统筹建设无人驾驶航空器一体化综合监管服务平台，对全国无人驾驶航空器实施动态监管与服务。
The national air traffic management leadership authority shall coordinate the construction of an integrated comprehensive supervision and service platform for unmanned aircraft, implementing dynamic supervision and services for unmanned aircraft nationwide.
空中交通管理机构和民用航空、公安、工业和信息化等部门、单位按照职责分工采集无人驾驶航空器生产、登记、使用的有关信息，依托无人驾驶航空器一体化综合监管服务平台共享，并采取相应措施保障信息安全。
Air traffic management authorities and civil aviation, public security, industry and information technology, and other departments and units shall, according to their respective responsibilities, collect relevant information on the production, registration, and use of unmanned aircraft, share it through the integrated comprehensive supervision and service platform for unmanned aircraft, and take corresponding measures to ensure information security.
除微型以外的无人驾驶航空器实施飞行活动，操控人员应当确保无人驾驶航空器能够按照国家有关规定向无人驾驶航空器一体化综合监管服务平台报送识别信息。
For flight activities of unmanned aircraft other than micro unmanned aircraft, the operator shall ensure that the unmanned aircraft can report identification information to the Unmanned Aircraft Integrated Comprehensive Supervision and Service Platform in accordance with relevant state regulations.
微型、轻型、小型无人驾驶航空器在飞行过程中应当广播式自动发送识别信息。
Micro, light, and small unmanned aircraft shall automatically broadcast identification information during flight.
组织无人驾驶航空器飞行活动的单位或者个人应当遵守有关法律法规和规章制度，主动采取事故预防措施，对飞行安全承担主体责任。
Units or individuals organizing unmanned aircraft flight activities shall comply with relevant laws, regulations, and rules, proactively take accident prevention measures, and bear primary responsibility for flight safety.
除本条例第三十一条另有规定外，组织无人驾驶航空器飞行活动的单位或者个人应当在拟飞行前1日12时前向空中交通管理机构提出飞行活动申请。空中交通管理机构应当在飞行前1日21时前作出批准或者不予批准的决定。
Unless otherwise provided in Article 31 of these Regulations, units or individuals organizing unmanned aircraft flight activities shall submit a flight activity application to the air traffic management authority by 12:00 on the day before the intended flight. The air traffic management authority shall make a decision to approve or disapprove by 21:00 on the day before the flight.
按照国家空中交通管理领导机构的规定在固定空域内实施常态飞行活动的，可以提出长期飞行活动申请，经批准后实施，并应当在拟飞行前1日12时前将飞行计划报空中交通管理机构备案。
For routine flight activities conducted within a fixed airspace in accordance with the provisions of the national air traffic management leading body, a long-term flight activity application may be submitted. After approval, the flight plan shall be reported to the air traffic management authority for record by 12:00 on the day before the intended flight.
无人驾驶航空器飞行活动申请应当包括下列内容：
An application for unmanned aircraft flight activities shall include the following content:
(一)组织飞行活动的单位或者个人、操控人员信息以及有关资质证书；
(1) Information on the unit or individual organizing the flight activity, the operator, and relevant qualification certificates;
(二)无人驾驶航空器的类型、数量、主要性能指标和登记管理信息；
(2) Type, quantity, main performance indicators, and registration management information of the unmanned aircraft;
(三)飞行任务性质和飞行方式，执行国家规定的特殊通用航空飞行任务的还应当提供有效的任务批准文件；
(3) Nature of the flight mission and flight method; if performing a special general aviation flight mission as stipulated by the state, a valid mission approval document shall also be provided;
(四)起飞、降落和备降机场(场地)；
(4) Takeoff, landing, and alternate airports (sites);
(五)通信联络方法；
(5) Communication contact methods;
(六)预计飞行开始、结束时刻；
(6) Estimated flight start and end times;
(七)飞行航线、高度、速度和空域范围，进出空域方法；
(7) Flight route, altitude, speed, and airspace range, methods for entering and exiting airspace;
(八)指挥控制链路无线电频率以及占用带宽；
(8) Command and control link radio frequency and occupied bandwidth;
(九)通信、导航和被监视能力；
(9) Communication, navigation, and surveillance capabilities;
(十)安装二次雷达应答机或者有关自动监视设备的，应当注明代码申请；
(10) If installing a secondary radar transponder or related automatic surveillance equipment, the code application shall be indicated;
(十一)应急处置程序；
(11) Emergency response procedures;
(十二)特殊飞行保障需求；
(12) Special flight support requirements;
(十三)国家空中交通管理领导机构规定的与空域使用和飞行安全有关的其他必要信息。
(13) Other necessary information related to airspace use and flight safety as prescribed by the national air traffic management leading body.
无人驾驶航空器飞行活动申请按照下列权限批准：
Applications for unmanned aerial vehicle flight activities shall be approved according to the following authorities:
(一)在飞行管制分区内飞行的，由负责该飞行管制分区的空中交通管理机构批准；
(1) For flights within a flight control subzone, approval shall be obtained from the air traffic management agency responsible for that flight control subzone;
(二)超出飞行管制分区在飞行管制区内飞行的，由负责该飞行管制区的空中交通管理机构批准；
(2) For flights beyond a flight control subzone but within a flight control zone, approval shall be obtained from the air traffic management agency responsible for that flight control zone;
(三)超出飞行管制区飞行的，由国家空中交通管理领导机构授权的空中交通管理机构批准。
(3) For flights beyond a flight control zone, approval shall be obtained from the air traffic management agency authorized by the national air traffic management leadership body.
使用无人驾驶航空器执行反恐维稳、抢险救灾、医疗救护等紧急任务的，应当在计划起飞30分钟前向空中交通管理机构提出飞行活动申请。空中交通管理机构应当在起飞10分钟前作出批准或者不予批准的决定。执行特别紧急任务的，使用单位可以随时提出飞行活动申请。
When using unmanned aircraft to perform emergency missions such as counter-terrorism, stability maintenance, disaster relief, or medical rescue, a flight activity application shall be submitted to the air traffic management agency at least 30 minutes before the planned takeoff. The air traffic management agency shall make a decision to approve or disapprove within 10 minutes before takeoff. For particularly urgent missions, the using unit may submit a flight activity application at any time.
飞行活动已获得批准的单位或者个人组织无人驾驶航空器飞行活动的，应当在计划起飞1小时前向空中交通管理机构报告预计起飞时刻和准备情况，经空中交通管理机构确认后方可起飞。
Units or individuals whose flight activities have been approved shall report the estimated takeoff time and preparation status to the air traffic management agency one hour before the planned takeoff, and may take off only after confirmation by the air traffic management agency.
组织无人驾驶航空器实施下列飞行活动，无需向空中交通管理机构提出飞行活动申请：
The following flight activities with unmanned aircraft do not require a flight activity application to the air traffic management agency:
(一)微型、轻型、小型无人驾驶航空器在适飞空域内的飞行活动；
(1) Flight activities of micro, light, and small unmanned aircraft within suitable flight airspace;
(二)常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动；
(2) Routine agricultural unmanned aircraft operation flight activities;
(三)警察、海关、应急管理部门辖有的无人驾驶航空器，在其驻地、地面(水面)训练场、靶场等上方不超过真高120米的空域内的飞行活动；但是，需在计划起飞1小时前经空中交通管理机构确认后方可起飞；
(3) Flight activities of unmanned aircraft owned by police, customs, or emergency management departments within airspace not exceeding a true altitude of 120 meters above their stations, ground (water) training grounds, or shooting ranges; however, takeoff is permitted only after confirmation by the air traffic management agency one hour before the planned takeoff;
(四)民用无人驾驶航空器在民用运输机场管制地带内执行巡检、勘察、校验等飞行任务；但是，需定期报空中交通管理机构备案，并在计划起飞1小时前经空中交通管理机构确认后方可起飞。
(4) Civil unmanned aircraft performing flight tasks such as inspection, survey, or calibration within the control zone of a civil transport airport; however, regular filing with the air traffic management agency is required, and takeoff is permitted only after confirmation by the air traffic management agency one hour before the planned takeoff.
前款规定的飞行活动存在下列情形之一的，应当依照本条例第二十六条的规定提出飞行活动申请：
If the flight activities specified in the preceding paragraph fall under any of the following circumstances, a flight activity application shall be submitted in accordance with Article 26 of these Regulations:
(一)通过通信基站或者互联网进行无人驾驶航空器中继飞行；
(1) Conducting relay flight of unmanned aircraft through communication base stations or the internet;
(二)运载危险品或者投放物品(常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动除外)；
(2) Transporting dangerous goods or dropping items (except for routine agricultural unmanned aircraft operation flight activities);
(三)飞越集会人群上空；
(3) Flying over the airspace of a gathering crowd;
(四)在移动的交通工具上操控无人驾驶航空器；
(4) Operating an unmanned aircraft on a moving vehicle;
(五)实施分布式操作或者集群飞行。
(5) Implementing distributed operations or cluster flights.
微型、轻型无人驾驶航空器在适飞空域内飞行的，无需取得特殊通用航空飞行任务批准文件。
For micro and light unmanned aircraft flying within permissible airspace, no special general aviation flight mission approval document is required.
操控无人驾驶航空器实施飞行活动，应当遵守下列行为规范：
When operating an unmanned aircraft to conduct flight activities, the following behavioral norms shall be observed:
(一)依法取得有关许可证书、证件，并在实施飞行活动时随身携带备查；
(1) Lawfully obtain relevant permits and certificates, and carry them for inspection during flight activities;
(二)实施飞行活动前做好安全飞行准备，检查无人驾驶航空器状态，并及时更新电子围栏等信息；
(2) Before conducting flight activities, make adequate safety preparations, check the status of the unmanned aircraft, and promptly update electronic fence information.
(三)实时掌握无人驾驶航空器飞行动态，实施需经批准的飞行活动应当与空中交通管理机构保持通信联络畅通，服从空中交通管理，飞行结束后及时报告；
(3) Monitor the flight dynamics of unmanned aircraft in real time; for flight activities requiring approval, maintain smooth communication with the air traffic management agency, comply with air traffic management, and report promptly after the flight ends;
(四)按照国家空中交通管理领导机构的规定保持必要的安全间隔；
(4) Maintain the necessary safety intervals as prescribed by the national air traffic management authority;
(五)操控微型无人驾驶航空器的，应当保持视距内飞行；
(5) When operating a micro unmanned aircraft, keep it within visual line of sight;
(六)操控小型无人驾驶航空器在适飞空域内飞行的，应当遵守国家空中交通管理领导机构关于限速、通信、导航等方面的规定；
(6) When operating a small unmanned aircraft within an approved flight airspace, comply with the regulations of the national air traffic management authority regarding speed limits, communication, navigation, etc.;
(七)在夜间或者低能见度气象条件下飞行的，应当开启灯光系统并确保其处于良好工作状态；
(7) When flying at night or under low-visibility meteorological conditions, turn on the lighting system and ensure it is in good working condition;
(八)实施超视距飞行的，应当掌握飞行空域内其他航空器的飞行动态，采取避免相撞的措施；
(8) When conducting beyond visual line of sight flights, be aware of the flight dynamics of other aircraft in the airspace and take measures to avoid collisions;
(九)受到酒精类饮料、麻醉剂或者其他药物影响时，不得操控无人驾驶航空器；
(9) Do not operate an unmanned aircraft when under the influence of alcoholic beverages, anesthetics, or other drugs;
(十)国家空中交通管理领导机构规定的其他飞行活动行为规范。
(10) Other flight conduct rules prescribed by the national air traffic management authority.
操控无人驾驶航空器实施飞行活动，应当遵守下列避让规则：
When operating an unmanned aircraft for flight activities, the following avoidance rules shall be observed:
(一)避让有人驾驶航空器、无动力装置的航空器以及地面、水上交通工具；
(1) Avoid manned aircraft, aircraft without power devices, and ground and water vehicles;
(二)单架飞行避让集群飞行；
(2) Single aircraft flight shall avoid group flight;
(三)微型无人驾驶航空器避让其他无人驾驶航空器；
(3) Micro unmanned aircraft shall avoid other unmanned aircraft;
(四)国家空中交通管理领导机构规定的其他避让规则。
(4) Other avoidance rules prescribed by the national air traffic management leading body.
禁止利用无人驾驶航空器实施下列行为：
It is prohibited to use unmanned aircraft to carry out the following acts:
(一)违法拍摄军事设施、军工设施或者其他涉密场所；
(1) Illegally photographing military installations, military industrial facilities, or other classified locations;
(二)扰乱机关、团体、企业、事业单位工作秩序或者公共场所秩序；
(2) Disrupting the work order of state organs, organizations, enterprises, institutions, or public order;
(三)妨碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务；
(3) Obstructing state functionaries from performing their duties according to law;
(四)投放含有违反法律法规规定内容的宣传品或者其他物品；
(4) Distributing propaganda materials or other items containing content that violates laws and regulations;
(五)危及公共设施、单位或者个人财产安全；
(5) Endangering the safety of public facilities, units, or individuals' property;
(六)危及他人生命健康，非法采集信息，或者侵犯他人其他人身权益；
(6) Endangering others' life and health, illegally collecting information, or infringing upon others' other personal rights.
(七)非法获取、泄露国家秘密，或者违法向境外提供数据信息；
(7) Illegally obtaining or disclosing state secrets, or illegally providing data information to overseas entities;
(八)法律法规禁止的其他行为。
(8) Other acts prohibited by laws and regulations.
使用民用无人驾驶航空器从事测绘活动的单位依法取得测绘资质证书后，方可从事测绘活动。
Entities using civil unmanned aircraft for surveying and mapping activities must obtain a surveying and mapping qualification certificate before conducting such activities.
外国无人驾驶航空器或者由外国人员操控的无人驾驶航空器不得在我国境内实施测绘、电波参数测试等飞行活动。
Foreign unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft operated by foreign personnel shall not conduct flight activities such as surveying and mapping or radio wave parameter testing within China's territory.
模型航空器应当在空中交通管理机构为航空飞行营地划定的空域内飞行，但国家空中交通管理领导机构另有规定的除外。
Model aircraft shall fly within the airspace designated by the air traffic management authority for aviation flight camps, unless otherwise provided by the national air traffic management leadership body.
监督管理和应急处置
Supervision, Management, and Emergency Response
国家空中交通管理领导机构应当组织有关部门、单位在无人驾驶航空器一体化综合监管服务平台上向社会公布审批事项、申请办理流程、受理单位、联系方式、举报受理方式等信息并及时更新。
The national air traffic management leadership body shall organize relevant departments and units to publish on the integrated comprehensive supervision and service platform for unmanned aircraft information such as approval items, application procedures, accepting units, contact information, and complaint reporting methods, and update them in a timely manner.
任何单位或者个人发现违反本条例规定行为的，可以向空中交通管理机构、民用航空管理部门或者当地公安机关举报。收到举报的部门、单位应当及时依法作出处理；不属于本部门、本单位职责的，应当及时移送有权处理的部门、单位。
Any unit or individual that discovers acts violating these regulations may report to the air traffic management authority, the civil aviation authority, or the local public security organ. The department or unit receiving the report shall promptly handle it according to law; if it is not within its responsibilities, it shall promptly transfer the matter to the department or unit with authority.
空中交通管理机构、民用航空管理部门以及县级以上公安机关应当制定有关无人驾驶航空器飞行安全管理的应急预案，定期演练，提高应急处置能力。
The air traffic management authority, the civil aviation authority, and the public security organs at or above the county level shall formulate emergency response plans for the safety management of unmanned aircraft flights, conduct regular drills, and improve emergency response capabilities.
县级以上地方人民政府应当将无人驾驶航空器安全应急管理纳入突发事件应急管理体系，健全信息互通、协同配合的应急处置工作机制。
Local people's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate unmanned aircraft safety emergency management into the emergency management system for emergencies, and improve the emergency response mechanism for information sharing and coordinated cooperation.
无人驾驶航空器系统的设计者、生产者，应当确保无人驾驶航空器具备紧急避让、降落等应急处置功能，避免或者减轻无人驾驶航空器发生事故时对生命财产的损害。
Designers and producers of unmanned aircraft systems shall ensure that the unmanned aircraft are equipped with emergency functions such as emergency avoidance and landing to avoid or mitigate damage to life and property in the event of an accident.
使用无人驾驶航空器的单位或者个人应当按照有关规定，制定飞行紧急情况处置预案，落实风险防范措施，及时消除安全隐患。
Units or individuals using unmanned aircraft shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, formulate emergency response plans for flight emergencies, implement risk prevention measures, and promptly eliminate safety hazards.
无人驾驶航空器飞行发生异常情况时，组织飞行活动的单位或者个人应当及时处置，服从空中交通管理机构的指令；导致发生飞行安全问题的，组织飞行活动的单位或者个人还应当在无人驾驶航空器降落后24小时内向空中交通管理机构报告有关情况。
When an abnormal situation occurs during the flight of an unmanned aircraft, the unit or individual organizing the flight activity shall promptly handle it and comply with the instructions of the air traffic management agency; if a flight safety issue arises, the unit or individual organizing the flight activity shall also report the relevant situation to the air traffic management agency within 24 hours after the unmanned aircraft lands.
对空中不明情况和无人驾驶航空器违规飞行，公安机关在条件有利时可以对低空目标实施先期处置，并负责违规飞行无人驾驶航空器落地后的现场处置。有关军事机关、公安机关、国家安全机关等单位按职责分工组织查证处置，民用航空管理等其他有关部门应当予以配合。
For unidentified situations in the air and illegal flights of unmanned aircraft, public security organs may, when conditions are favorable, carry out initial disposal of low-altitude targets and are responsible for on-site disposal after the illegal unmanned aircraft lands. Relevant military organs, public security organs, national security organs, and other units shall organize investigation and disposal according to their respective responsibilities, and other relevant departments such as civil aviation administration shall cooperate.
无人驾驶航空器违反飞行管理规定、扰乱公共秩序或者危及公共安全的，空中交通管理机构、民用航空管理部门和公安机关可以依法采取必要技术防控、扣押有关物品、责令停止飞行、查封违法活动场所等紧急处置措施。
If an unmanned aircraft violates flight management regulations, disrupts public order, or endangers public safety, the air traffic management agency, civil aviation administration department, and public security organ may take necessary emergency measures such as technical prevention and control, seizure of relevant items, order to stop flight, and sealing of illegal activity sites in accordance with the law.
军队、警察以及按照国家反恐怖主义工作领导机构有关规定由公安机关授权的高风险反恐怖重点目标管理单位，可以依法配备无人驾驶航空器反制设备，在公安机关或者有关军事机关的指导监督下从严控制设置和使用。
The military, police, and high-risk counter-terrorism key target management units authorized by the public security organ in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national counter-terrorism leadership body may be equipped with unmanned aircraft countermeasure equipment in accordance with the law, and the installation and use shall be strictly controlled under the guidance and supervision of the public security organ or relevant military organs.
无人驾驶航空器反制设备配备、设置、使用以及授权管理办法，由国务院工业和信息化、公安、国家安全、市场监督管理部门会同国务院有关部门、有关军事机关制定。
Measures for the allocation, installation, use, and authorization management of unmanned aircraft countermeasure equipment shall be formulated by the industrial and information technology, public security, national security, and market supervision and administration departments of the State Council together with relevant departments of the State Council and relevant military organs.
任何单位或者个人不得非法拥有、使用无人驾驶航空器反制设备。
No unit or individual may illegally possess or use unmanned aircraft countermeasure equipment.
法 律 责 任
Legal Liability
违反本条例规定，从事中型、大型民用无人驾驶航空器系统的设计、生产、进口、飞行和维修活动，未依法取得适航许可的，由民用航空管理部门责令停止有关活动，没收违法所得，并处无人驾驶航空器系统货值金额1倍以上5倍以下的罚款；情节严重的，责令停业整顿。
Anyone who violates the provisions of these Regulations by engaging in the design, production, import, flight, and maintenance activities of medium and large civil unmanned aircraft systems without obtaining the airworthiness certificate in accordance with the law shall be ordered by the civil aviation administration department to cease the relevant activities, confiscate the illegal gains, and impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the value of the unmanned aircraft system; if the circumstances are serious, the business shall be ordered to suspend for rectification.
违反本条例规定，民用无人驾驶航空器系统生产者未按照国务院工业和信息化主管部门的规定为其生产的无人驾驶航空器设置唯一产品识别码的，由县级以上人民政府工业和信息化主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，并处3万元以上30万元以下的罚款；拒不改正的，责令停业整顿。
In violation of these regulations, if a producer of civil unmanned aircraft systems fails to set a unique product identification code for the unmanned aircraft it produces in accordance with the regulations of the competent department of industry and information technology of the State Council, the competent department of industry and information technology of the people's government at or above the county level shall order correction, confiscate illegal gains, and impose a fine of not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan; if correction is refused, order suspension of business for rectification.
违反本条例规定，对已经取得适航许可的民用无人驾驶航空器系统进行重大设计更改，未重新申请取得适航许可并将其用于飞行活动的，由民用航空管理部门责令改正，处无人驾驶航空器系统货值金额1倍以上5倍以下的罚款。
In violation of these regulations, if a major design change is made to a civil unmanned aircraft system that has obtained an airworthiness permit, and the flight activity is conducted without re-applying for an airworthiness permit, the civil aviation authority shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the value of the unmanned aircraft system.
违反本条例规定，改变微型、轻型、小型民用无人驾驶航空器系统的空域保持能力、可靠被监视能力、速度或者高度等出厂性能以及参数，未及时在无人驾驶航空器一体化综合监管服务平台更新性能、参数信息的，由民用航空管理部门责令改正；拒不改正的，处2000元以上2万元以下的罚款。
In violation of these regulations, if the airspace retention capability, reliable monitoring capability, speed or altitude and otherfactory delivery performance and parameters of micro, light, and small civil unmanned aircraft systems are changed, and the performance and parameter information is not updated in a timely manner on the integrated unmanned aircraft comprehensive supervision service platform, the civil aviation authority shall order correction; if correction is refused, a fine of not less than 2,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed.
违反本条例规定，民用无人驾驶航空器未经实名登记实施飞行活动的，由公安机关责令改正，可以处200元以下的罚款；情节严重的，处2000元以上2万元以下的罚款。
In violation of these regulations, if a civil unmanned aircraft conducts flight activities without real-name registration, the public security authority shall order correction and may impose a fine of not more than 200 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 2,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed.
违反本条例规定，涉及境外飞行的民用无人驾驶航空器未依法进行国籍登记的，由民用航空管理部门责令改正，处1万元以上10万元以下的罚款。
In violation of these regulations, if a civil unmanned aircraft involved in foreign flights fails to undergo nationality registration in accordance with the law, the civil aviation authority shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.
违反本条例规定，民用无人驾驶航空器未依法投保责任保险的，由民用航空管理部门责令改正，处2000元以上2万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，责令从事飞行活动的单位停业整顿直至吊销其运营合格证。
In violation of these regulations, if a civil unmanned aircraft fails to take out liability insurance in accordance with the law, the civil aviation authority shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 2,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the unit conducting flight activities shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification until its operation qualification certificate is revoked.
违反本条例规定，未取得运营合格证或者违反运营合格证的要求实施飞行活动的，由民用航空管理部门责令改正，处5万元以上50万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，责令停业整顿直至吊销其运营合格证。
In violation of these regulations, if flight activities are conducted without obtaining an operation qualification certificate or in violation of the requirements of the operation qualification certificate, the civil aviation authority shall order correction and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the unit shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification until its operation qualification certificate is revoked.
无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人违反本条例规定操控民用无人驾驶航空器飞行的，由公安机关对其监护人处500元以上5000元以下的罚款；情节严重的，没收实施违规飞行的无人驾驶航空器。
If a person with no civil capacity or with limited civil capacity manipulates a civil unmanned aircraft for flight in violation of these regulations, the public security authority shall impose a fine of not less than 500 yuan but not more than 5,000 yuan on his or her guardian; if the circumstances are serious, the unmanned aircraft used for the illegal flight shall be confiscated.
违反本条例规定，未取得操控员执照操控民用无人驾驶航空器飞行的，由民用航空管理部门处5000元以上5万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，处1万元以上10万元以下的罚款。
In violation of these regulations, if a person manipulates a civil unmanned aircraft for flight without obtaining a manipulator license, the civil aviation authority shall impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed.
违反本条例规定，超出操控员执照载明范围操控民用无人驾驶航空器飞行的，由民用航空管理部门处2000元以上2万元以下的罚款，并处暂扣操控员执照6个月至12个月；情节严重的，吊销其操控员执照，2年内不受理其操控员执照申请。
In violation of these regulations, if a person manipulates a civil unmanned aircraft for flight beyond the scope specified in the manipulator license, the civil aviation authority shall impose a fine of not less than 2,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan, and concurrently suspend the manipulator license for 6 to 12 months; if the circumstances are serious, the manipulator license shall be revoked, and the application for a manipulator license shall not be accepted within 2 years.
违反本条例规定，未取得操作证书从事常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动的，由县级以上地方人民政府农业农村主管部门责令停止作业，并处1000元以上1万元以下的罚款。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, engages in operational flight activities of conventional agricultural unmanned aircraft without obtaining an operation certificate shall be ordered to stop operations by the competent agricultural and rural department of the local people's government at or above the county level, and shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan.
组织飞行活动的单位或者个人违反本条例第三十二条、第三十三条规定的，由民用航空管理部门责令改正，可以处1万元以下的罚款；拒不改正的，处1万元以上5万元以下的罚款，并处暂扣运营合格证、操控员执照1个月至3个月；情节严重的，由空中交通管理机构责令停止飞行6个月至12个月，由民用航空管理部门处5万元以上10万元以下的罚款，并可以吊销相应许可证件，2年内不受理其相应许可申请。
Where a unit or individual organizing flight activities violates the provisions of Articles 32 and 33 of these Regulations, the civil aviation authority shall order correction and may impose a fine of not more than 10,000 yuan; if correction is refused, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed, and the operation qualification certificate and operator license shall be suspended for one to three months; if the circumstances are serious, the air traffic management authority shall order a suspension of flight for six to twelve months, and the civil aviation authority shall impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan, and may revoke the relevant license, and shall not accept the corresponding license application within two years.
违反本条例规定，未经批准操控微型、轻型、小型民用无人驾驶航空器在管制空域内飞行，或者操控模型航空器在空中交通管理机构划定的空域外飞行的，由公安机关责令停止飞行，可以处500元以下的罚款；情节严重的，没收实施违规飞行的无人驾驶航空器，并处1000元以上1万元以下的罚款。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, operates micro, light, or small civil unmanned aircraft in controlled airspace without approval, or operates model aircraft outside the airspace designated by the air traffic management authority, shall be ordered to stop flight by the public security authority and may be fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the unmanned aircraft used for the illegal flight shall be confiscated, and a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan shall be imposed.
违反本条例规定，非法拥有、使用无人驾驶航空器反制设备的，由无线电管理机构、公安机关按照职责分工予以没收，可以处5万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，处5万元以上20万元以下的罚款。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, illegally possesses or uses unmanned aircraft countermeasure equipment shall have the equipment confiscated by the radio regulatory authority or the public security authority according to their respective responsibilities, and may be fined not more than 50,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed.
违反本条例规定，外国无人驾驶航空器或者由外国人员操控的无人驾驶航空器在我国境内实施测绘飞行活动的，由县级以上人民政府测绘地理信息主管部门责令停止违法行为，没收违法所得、测绘成果和实施违规飞行的无人驾驶航空器，并处10万元以上50万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，并处50万元以上100万元以下的罚款，由公安机关、国家安全机关按照职责分工决定限期出境或者驱逐出境。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, conducts surveying flight activities within the territory of China using foreign unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft controlled by foreign personnel shall be ordered to cease the illegal act by the competent surveying, mapping, and geoinformation department of the local people's government at or above the county level, and the illegal income, surveying and mapping results, and the unmanned aircraft used for the illegal flight shall be confiscated, and a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 1,000,000 yuan shall be imposed, and the public security authority or the national security authority shall, according to their respective responsibilities, decide on a fixed-term departure or deportation.
生产、改装、组装、拼装、销售和召回微型、轻型、小型民用无人驾驶航空器系统，违反产品质量或者标准化管理等有关法律法规的，由县级以上人民政府市场监督管理部门依法处罚。
Whoever produces, modifies, assembles, assembles, sells, or recalls micro, light, or small civil unmanned aircraft systems in violation of laws and regulations on product quality or standardization management shall be punished by the market supervision and administration department of the local people's government at or above the county level in accordance with the law.
除根据本条例第十五条的规定无需取得无线电频率使用许可和无线电台执照的情形以外，生产、维修、使用民用无人驾驶航空器系统，违反无线电管理法律法规以及国家有关规定的，由无线电管理机构依法处罚。
Except for circumstances where no radio frequency usage permit or radio station license is required under Article 15 of these Regulations, whoever produces, maintains, or uses civil unmanned aircraft systems in violation of radio management laws, regulations, and relevant state provisions shall be punished by the radio regulatory authority in accordance with the law.
无人驾驶航空器飞行活动违反军事设施保护法律法规的，依照有关法律法规的规定执行。
Where unmanned aircraft flight activities violate laws and regulations on the protection of military facilities, the relevant laws and regulations shall apply.
违反本条例规定，有关部门、单位及其工作人员在无人驾驶航空器飞行以及有关活动的管理工作中滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊或者有其他违法行为的，依法给予处分。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, a relevant department, unit, or its staff member abuses power, neglects duty, engages in malpractice for personal gain, or commits other illegal acts in the management of unmanned aircraft flight and related activities shall be given disciplinary action in accordance with the law.
违反本条例规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；造成人身、财产或者其他损害的，依法承担民事责任。
Whoever, in violation of these Regulations, constitutes a violation of public security administration shall be given public security administration punishment by the public security authority in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated in accordance with the law; if personal injury, property damage, or other damage is caused, civil liability shall be borne in accordance with the law.
附 则
Supplementary Provisions
在我国管辖的其他空域内实施无人驾驶航空器飞行活动，应当遵守本条例的有关规定。
Unmanned aircraft flight activities conducted in other airspace under China's jurisdiction shall comply with the relevant provisions of these Regulations.
无人驾驶航空器在室内飞行不适用本条例。
These Regulations do not apply to unmanned aircraft flying indoors.
自备动力系统的飞行玩具适用本条例的有关规定，具体办法由国务院工业和信息化主管部门、有关空中交通管理机构会同国务院公安、民用航空主管部门制定。
Flying toys with self-contained power systems are subject to the relevant provisions of these Regulations, and specific measures shall be formulated by the competent department of industry and information technology of the State Council and relevant air traffic management authorities jointly with the public security and civil aviation authorities of the State Council.
无人驾驶航空器飞行以及有关活动，本条例没有规定的，适用《中华人民共和国民用航空法》、《中华人民共和国飞行基本规则》、《通用航空飞行管制条例》以及有关法律、行政法规。
For unmanned aircraft flights and related activities not covered by these Regulations, the Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China, the Basic Flight Rules of the People's Republic of China, the Regulations on the Control of General Aviation Flights, and relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply.
军用无人驾驶航空器的管理，国务院、中央军事委员会另有规定的，适用其规定。
If the State Council and the Central Military Commission have other provisions on the management of military unmanned aircraft, those provisions shall prevail.
警察、海关、应急管理部门辖有的无人驾驶航空器的适航、登记、操控员等事项的管理办法，由国务院有关部门另行制定。
Management measures for matters such as airworthiness, registration, and operators of unmanned aircraft owned by police, customs, and emergency management departments shall be separately formulated by the relevant departments of the State Council.
模型航空器的分类、生产、登记、操控人员、航空飞行营地等事项的管理办法，由国务院体育主管部门会同有关空中交通管理机构，国务院工业和信息化、公安、民用航空主管部门另行制定。
Management measures for matters such as classification, production, registration, operators, and aviation flight camps of model aircraft shall be separately formulated by the competent sports department of the State Council jointly with relevant air traffic management authorities and the industry and information technology, public security, and civil aviation authorities of the State Council.
本条例施行前生产的民用无人驾驶航空器不能按照国家有关规定自动向无人驾驶航空器一体化综合监管服务平台报送识别信息的，实施飞行活动应当依照本条例的规定向空中交通管理机构提出飞行活动申请，经批准后方可飞行。
For civil unmanned aircraft produced before the implementation of these Regulations that cannot automatically report identification information to the integrated supervision service platform for unmanned aircraft in accordance with national regulations, flight activities shall be conducted only after submitting a flight activity application to the air traffic management authority in accordance with these Regulations and obtaining approval.
本条例下列用语的含义：
The meanings of the following terms used in these Regulations:
(一)空中交通管理机构，是指军队和民用航空管理部门内负责有关责任区空中交通管理的机构。
Air traffic management authority refers to the institutions within the military and civil aviation administration responsible for air traffic management in their respective areas of responsibility.
(二)微型无人驾驶航空器，是指空机重量小于0.25千克，最大飞行真高不超过50米，最大平飞速度不超过40千米/小时，无线电发射设备符合微功率短距离技术要求，全程可以随时人工介入操控的无人驾驶航空器。
Micro unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with an empty weight of less than 0.25 kg, a maximum true flight altitude not exceeding 50 meters, a maximum level flight speed not exceeding 40 km/h, radio transmitting equipment meeting the technical requirements for micro-power short-range devices, and capable of manual intervention at all times during the entire flight.
(三)轻型无人驾驶航空器，是指空机重量不超过4千克且最大起飞重量不超过7千克，最大平飞速度不超过100千米/小时，具备符合空域管理要求的空域保持能力和可靠被监视能力，全程可以随时人工介入操控的无人驾驶航空器，但不包括微型无人驾驶航空器。
Light unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with an empty weight not exceeding 4 kg and a maximum takeoff weight not exceeding 7 kg, a maximum level flight speed not exceeding 100 km/h, equipped with airspace-keeping capability and reliable monitored capability meeting airspace management requirements, and capable of manual intervention at all times during the entire flight, but excluding micro unmanned aircraft.
(四)小型无人驾驶航空器，是指空机重量不超过15千克且最大起飞重量不超过25千克，具备符合空域管理要求的空域保持能力和可靠被监视能力，全程可以随时人工介入操控的无人驾驶航空器，但不包括微型、轻型无人驾驶航空器。
Small unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with an empty weight not exceeding 15 kg and a maximum takeoff weight not exceeding 25 kg, equipped with airspace-keeping capability and reliable monitored capability meeting airspace management requirements, and capable of manual intervention at all times during the entire flight, but excluding micro and light unmanned aircraft.
(五)中型无人驾驶航空器，是指最大起飞重量不超过150千克的无人驾驶航空器，但不包括微型、轻型、小型无人驾驶航空器。
Medium unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight not exceeding 150 kg, but excluding micro, light, and small unmanned aircraft.
(六)大型无人驾驶航空器，是指最大起飞重量超过150千克的无人驾驶航空器。
Large unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight exceeding 150 kg.
(七)无人驾驶航空器系统，是指无人驾驶航空器以及与其有关的遥控台(站)、任务载荷和控制链路等组成的系统。其中，遥控台(站)是指遥控无人驾驶航空器的各种操控设备(手段)以及有关系统组成的整体。
Unmanned aircraft system refers to a system composed of an unmanned aircraft and its associated remote control station(s), mission payload, and control link. Among them, remote control station(s) refer to the entirety of various control equipment (means) for remotely controlling the unmanned aircraft and related systems.
(八)农用无人驾驶航空器，是指最大飞行真高不超过30米，最大平飞速度不超过50千米/小时，最大飞行半径不超过2000米，具备空域保持能力和可靠被监视能力，专门用于植保、播种、投饵等农林牧渔作业，全程可以随时人工介入操控的无人驾驶航空器。
Agricultural unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with a maximum true flight altitude not exceeding 30 meters, a maximum level flight speed not exceeding 50 km/h, a maximum flight radius not exceeding 2000 meters, equipped with airspace-keeping capability and reliable monitored capability, specifically used for plant protection, seeding, baiting, and other agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery operations, and capable of manual intervention at all times during the entire flight.
(九)隔离飞行，是指无人驾驶航空器与有人驾驶航空器不同时在同一空域内的飞行。
Segregated flight refers to flight operations where unmanned aircraft and manned aircraft do not operate simultaneously in the same airspace.
(十)融合飞行，是指无人驾驶航空器与有人驾驶航空器同时在同一空域内的飞行。
Integrated flight refers to flight operations where unmanned aircraft and manned aircraft operate simultaneously in the same airspace.
(十一)分布式操作，是指把无人驾驶航空器系统操作分解为多个子业务，部署在多个站点或者终端进行协同操作的模式。
Distributed operation refers to a mode in which the operation of an unmanned aircraft system is decomposed into multiple sub-tasks, deployed at multiple sites or terminals for collaborative operation.
(十二)集群，是指采用具备多台无人驾驶航空器操控能力的同一系统或者平台，为了处理同一任务，以各无人驾驶航空器操控数据互联协同处理为特征，在同一时间内并行操控多台无人驾驶航空器以相对物理集中的方式进行飞行的无人驾驶航空器运行模式。
Cluster refers to an unmanned aircraft operation mode that uses the same system or platform capable of controlling multiple unmanned aircraft, characterized by the collaborative processing of control data for each unmanned aircraft to perform the same task, and simultaneously controlling multiple unmanned aircraft in a relatively physically concentrated manner for flight.
(十三)模型航空器，也称航空模型，是指有尺寸和重量限制，不能载人，不具有高度保持和位置保持飞行功能的无人驾驶航空器，包括自由飞、线控、直接目视视距内人工不间断遥控、借助第一视角人工不间断遥控的模型航空器等。
Model aircraft, also known as aeromodel, refers to an unmanned aircraft with size and weight limitations, incapable of carrying persons, and without altitude-hold and position-hold flight functions, including free-flight, line-controlled, direct visual line-of-sight continuous manual control, and first-person view continuous manual control model aircraft.
(十四)无人驾驶航空器反制设备，是指专门用于防控无人驾驶航空器违规飞行，具有干扰、截控、捕获、摧毁等功能的设备。
Unmanned aircraft countermeasure equipment refers to equipment specifically used to prevent and control illegal flights of unmanned aircraft, with functions such as jamming, interception, capture, and destruction.
(十五)空域保持能力，是指通过电子围栏等技术措施控制无人驾驶航空器的高度与水平范围的能力。
Airspace containment capability refers to the ability to control the altitude and horizontal range of an unmanned aircraft through technical measures such as electronic fences.
本条例自2024年1月1日起施行。
These Regulations shall come into force on January 1, 2024.